Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant challenge of Host Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) in large networks?
What is a significant challenge of Host Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) in large networks?
Which of the following describes a typical indication of a system intrusion?
Which of the following describes a typical indication of a system intrusion?
When selecting an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), what is a crucial technical consideration?
When selecting an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), what is a crucial technical consideration?
Which of the following is most likely a network intrusion detection event?
Which of the following is most likely a network intrusion detection event?
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What is an expected user requirement that an IDS product must address?
What is an expected user requirement that an IDS product must address?
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In the context of Network Intrusion Detection, what does an arbitrary data entry in log files suggest?
In the context of Network Intrusion Detection, what does an arbitrary data entry in log files suggest?
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What is a notable drawback of analyzing intrusion attempts across multiple hosts in an IDS?
What is a notable drawback of analyzing intrusion attempts across multiple hosts in an IDS?
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What is a significant organizational constraint when choosing an IDS product?
What is a significant organizational constraint when choosing an IDS product?
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What is the primary function of a network-based intrusion detection system (IDS)?
What is the primary function of a network-based intrusion detection system (IDS)?
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Which detection method does not rely on specific known patterns of attacks?
Which detection method does not rely on specific known patterns of attacks?
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What is a common challenge in the maintenance of an IDS?
What is a common challenge in the maintenance of an IDS?
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What role does an IDS play in terms of security documentation within an organization?
What role does an IDS play in terms of security documentation within an organization?
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How does an IDS signal a potential intrusion event?
How does an IDS signal a potential intrusion event?
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Which control strategy is aimed specifically at identifying misuse of a system?
Which control strategy is aimed specifically at identifying misuse of a system?
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What is an essential feature of host-based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS)?
What is an essential feature of host-based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS)?
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What is a benefit of deploying an IDS in a network?
What is a benefit of deploying an IDS in a network?
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What is a characteristic of a fully distributed IDS control strategy?
What is a characteristic of a fully distributed IDS control strategy?
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Which combination of IDS types allows for coverage of both individual systems and networks?
Which combination of IDS types allows for coverage of both individual systems and networks?
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What is one advantage of using padded cells?
What is one advantage of using padded cells?
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What is the purpose of deploying NIDS sensors behind each external firewall?
What is the purpose of deploying NIDS sensors behind each external firewall?
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What is a challenge associated with the proper implementation of HIDS?
What is a challenge associated with the proper implementation of HIDS?
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Which metric is NOT typically used to evaluate the effectiveness of IDS?
Which metric is NOT typically used to evaluate the effectiveness of IDS?
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What legal concern is associated with trap and trace systems?
What legal concern is associated with trap and trace systems?
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What is a disadvantage of honey pots regarding security technology?
What is a disadvantage of honey pots regarding security technology?
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Which of the following locations is NOT recommended by NIST for NIDS sensors?
Which of the following locations is NOT recommended by NIST for NIDS sensors?
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What does a honey net refer to?
What does a honey net refer to?
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What is the primary function of honey pots?
What is the primary function of honey pots?
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding partially distributed IDS control strategies?
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding partially distributed IDS control strategies?
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What role does a honey pot have in the context of responder activities?
What role does a honey pot have in the context of responder activities?
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Which is an essential consideration in the deployment strategy for IDS?
Which is an essential consideration in the deployment strategy for IDS?
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Study Notes
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
- IDS gathers and analyses information from a computer or network
- It acts like a packet sniffer, intercepting packets traveling through various communication mediums and protocols
- Packets are analyzed after capture
- An IDS evaluates suspected intrusions and triggers an alarm
- IDS monitors network and threat activity, detecting viruses, malware, spyware, etc.
- It identifies the source of these threats and restores affected points
- IDS observes unauthenticated and unauthorized use of network programs
How IDS Works
- Monitors network and threat activity
- Detects viruses, malware, spyware, and different forms of viruses
- Locates the source of threats and restores affected points
- Observes unauthorized use of network programs
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)
- Detect violations of configuration and activate an alarm
- Allow administrators to configure systems to notify them of issues via email or pagers
- Systems can be configured to notify external security services about breaches
IDS Terminology
- Alert or alarm: Triggered by suspicious activity
- False attack stimulus: A false alarm
- False negative: Failure to detect a real attack
- False positive: Detecting an event that is not an attack
- Noise: Non-attack related events that trigger an alarm
- Site policy: Rules dictating allowed behavior within a network
- Site policy awareness: Knowledge of a network's acceptable use policies
- True attack stimulus: A real attack
- Confidence value: Assessment of likelihood of an event being an attack
- Alarm filtering: Filtering of false alarms
Why Use an IDS?
- Prevents problematic behaviors by increasing the perceived risk of detection and punishment
- Detects attacks and security violations
- Detects attack preambles
- Documents existing threats to an organization
- Acts as quality control for security design and administration, especially in large and complex enterprises
- Provides useful information about intrusions
Ways to Detect an Intrusion
- Signature recognition (misuse detection): Identifies events that misuse a system
- Anomaly detection: Identifies intrusions based on fixed behavioral characteristics of users and components
- Protocol anomaly detection: Models based on TCP/IP protocols
Types of IDSs
- Network-based IDS (NIDS): Analyzes packets traveling over the network, comparing them with empirical data to find malicious activities
- Host-based IDS (HIDS): Collects and analyzes data originating from a computer hosting a service (e.g., web server). This data can be analyzed locally or sent elsewhere for central analysis.
- Host-based IDS: Examines the data files on the host and alerts the system administrators of any changes
Disadvantages of HIDS
- Difficult to analyze intrusions on multiple computers
- Difficult to maintain in networks with varied operating systems and configurations
- Can be disabled by attackers after compromise
Network Intrusion Indicators
- Repeated probes of available services on a machine
- Connections from unusual locations
- Arbitrary data in log files (possible Denial-of-Service attempts)
- Repeated login attempts from remote hosts
Modifications to System Software and Configuration Files
- Gaps in system accounting
- System crashes or reboots
- Short or incomplete logs
- Missing logs
- Unusual processes
- Unusual graphic displays or text messages
Selecting IDS Approach and Products
- Consider your system environment, security goals, and existing security policy.
- Evaluate organizational requirements and constraints, especially external requirements and resource limitations.
IDS Product Features and Quality
- Scalability of the product for your environment
- Product testing methods.
- Ability to evolve along with your organization.
- Targeted user expertise level.
- Support provisions for the product
IDS Control Strategies
- Centralized: All IDS control functions in a single location
- Fully distributed: All control functions at each IDS component's physical location
- Partially distributed: Combines both centralized and distributed, with agents reporting to a central facility for broader analysis
IDS Deployment Overview
- Consider the location of elements in the IDS for effective use.
- Select the deployment strategy, considering security requirements and minimal impact.
- NIDS and HIDS can be used together to cover various systems and networks.
Deploying Network-Based IDSs
- NIST recommends four locations for NIDS sensors:
- Behind external firewalls within the network DMZ
- Outside external firewalls
- On major network backbones
- On critical subnets
Deploying Host-Based IDSs
- Proper deployment is painstaking and time-consuming.
- Start deploying HIDS with critical systems first.
- Install until planned coverage is achieved.
Measuring the Effectiveness of IDSs
- Administrators evaluate the number of attacks detected in a known collection of probes.
- Administrators measure the level of use at which IDSs fail.
- IDS vendors provide testing mechanisms to verify expected performance.
- IDS testing can involve recording and retransmitting packets from real viruses or worms, including those with incomplete TCP/IP session connections (missing SYN packets). It also might include testing against vulnerable systems or environments.
Honey Pots, Honey Nets, and Padded Cell Systems
- Honey pots: Decoy systems to lure attackers away from critical systems, encouraging attacks directed at themselves
- Honey nets: Collection of honey pots connected together
- Padded cells: Protected honey pots that cannot be easily compromised, operating in conjunction with traditional IDSs to redirect attackers to a safe zone
Trap and Trace Systems
- Use techniques to detect intrusions and trace them back to their source
- Traps typically include honey pots/padded cells and alarms
Scanning and Analysis Tools
- Collect information attackers might need for successful attacks
- Attack protocols are detailed sequences of steps or processes
- Footprinting involves researching Internet addresses owned or controlled by a target organization
Tools
- Snort
- KFSSensor
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), including their functionality and how they monitor network activity for threats such as viruses and malware. Understand the mechanisms behind IDS, including the analysis of packets and the alerting of administrators in case of violations. Test your knowledge on the key concepts of IDS technology and its importance in cybersecurity.
