Introduction to Work Psychology: Teamwork

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Questions and Answers

What type of team building is focused on addressing breakdowns in team cohesion?

  • Goal-setting
  • Trust exercises (correct)
  • Problem solving
  • Role clarification

Which of the following is NOT a type of team building?

  • Goal-setting
  • Team training (correct)
  • Problem solving
  • Role clarification

What is the primary aim of team training?

  • To improve team performance outcomes (correct)
  • To improve trust and confidence in team members
  • To reduce relationship conflict
  • To identify knowledge, skills, abilities necessary for good performance

Which of the following is an example of team training?

<p>Crew Resource Management (CRM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of team training?

<p>On team KSAs including communication, situational awareness, problem solving, and decision making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to which researchers is team building and team training effective?

<p>Salas et al. (2008) and Klein et al. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of team training in terms of cognitive outcomes?

<p>Improved cognitive outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of team building?

<p>To improve trust and confidence in team members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of team training in terms of team performance?

<p>Improved team performance outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of team building?

<p>On building team competencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of trust exercises in team building?

<p>To improve trust and confidence in team members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between team building and team training?

<p>Team building focuses on team competencies, while team training focuses on technical skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using role clarification in team building?

<p>Clarifies team member roles and responsibilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of problem-solving exercises in team building?

<p>To improve team performance outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training?

<p>Team competencies such as communication and situational awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of team training in terms of team decision making?

<p>Improves team decision making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of team training in terms of cognitive outcomes?

<p>Improves shared knowledge among team members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the effectiveness of team building and team training?

<p>Shuffler et al. (2011) and Salas et al. (2008) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of goal-setting exercises in team building?

<p>To improve team performance outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using team building and team training together?

<p>Combines the benefits of both team building and team training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The US Airways Hudson River landing was attributed to ineffective teamworking.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eagle Star Insurance's team development intervention involved walking across a bed of hot coals to improve team bonding.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ericsson's team development intervention involved staging a hijacking to improve team reactions to stress, and they gave notice to the police beforehand.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shuffler et al. (2011) suggest that team development interventions should be based on ad hoc decisions rather than theory and evidence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Team building and team training are interchangeable terms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Participation in team training for surgical teams is associated with higher mortality rates in 74 facilities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Klein et al. emphasize the importance of team building in improving team performance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Team development interventions can have a negative impact on team performance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Crew Resource Management programme is a type of team building intervention.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Team development can have a huge positive impact on team performance, but only in certain industries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leadership types is characterized by humiliating and manipulating employees to achieve results?

<p>Tyrannical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of leaders in a national Norwegian sample were classified as destructive?

<p>61% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of laissez-faire leadership, according to Skodstad et al. (2007)?

<p>Role conflict and high levels of distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of contingency theory in leadership?

<p>Adjusting leadership style to the situation and followers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leadership types involves acting in the interests of both followers and the organization?

<p>Destructive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of destructive leadership on follower attitudes and well-being, according to Schyns and Schilling (2013)?

<p>Negative attitudes and decreased well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of constructive leadership behavior?

<p>Laissez-faire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the LMX theory of leadership?

<p>Building high-quality relationships with followers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of derailed leadership?

<p>Acting in an insensitive and arrogant way towards employees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of destructive leadership types, in order of prevalence, according to Aasland et al. (2010)?

<p>Laissez-faire &gt; supportive-disloyal &gt; derailed &gt; tyrannical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derailed leadership is characterized by being liked by employees but undermining the organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tyrannical leadership is characterized by achieving results to the detriment of employees.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laissez-faire leadership is a type of constructive leadership behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Up to 50% of leaders in a national Norwegian sample were classified as destructive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Schyns and Schilling (2013) found that destructive leadership is positively related to follower attitudes towards the leader.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformational leadership is a type of destructive leadership behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disloyal leadership is characterized by acting in an insensitive and arrogant way towards employees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The LMX theory of leadership focuses on building high-quality relations with employees.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contingency theory of leadership focuses on balancing relationship- and task-orientation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pro-organisation leadership is a type of destructive leadership behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of training evaluation?

<p>Establishing the effectiveness of training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of overlearning?

<p>It helps to maintain performance during periods of low practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Training Cycle?

<p>To identify training needs and evaluate training effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Kirkpatrick's Model?

<p>Collecting data about trainees' views of training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main barrier to training evaluation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of building a job performance database?

<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why trainers may not value training evaluation?

<p>They view training as risky and expensive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of involving the wider community in training?

<p>It provides additional learning opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of trainers in the on-the-job training approach?

<p>Facilitators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Needs Analysis stage of the Training Cycle?

<p>Identifying training needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only 5% of training experiences are transferred from the training environment to the job.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychological fidelity refers to the degree of similarity between the training environment and the job environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High physical fidelity in training requires a lot of time and money.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests that 60% of trained content is transferred immediately after training.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A continuous learning climate is not necessary for the maintenance of learned behavior in work organizations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High psychological fidelity can be achieved through simulated tasks that elicit the same knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) as the job.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manager involvement is not necessary for the transfer of training to the job.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clear expectations for the trainee and the manager are not necessary before training.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identifying obstacles to transfer is not necessary for the enhancement of transfer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transfer of training occurs automatically without the need for any strategies to enhance it.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intervention aims to reduce stress and improve organisational outcomes?

<p>Primary interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kompier et al. (1998), which of the following is a critical success factor for interventions?

<p>Employee involvement and participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the University Stress Scale?

<p>To identify sources of stress in individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are primary interventions often expensive and time-consuming?

<p>Because they require significant organisational changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of tertiary interventions?

<p>They are less expensive and less disruptive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Richardson and Rothstein (2008), which type of intervention may tackle feelings of stress better?

<p>Secondary interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of waiting for employees to become stressed before implementing interventions?

<p>Defence against legal action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stress regulation training?

<p>To improve employee stress responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bond and Bunce (2001), what is the benefit of primary interventions?

<p>Reducing stress and improving organisational outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of tertiary interventions?

<p>They must wait for employees to become stressed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress can have a positive impact on individuals and organisations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural approaches to understanding work-related stress focus on the balance between job demands and control.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resource models of work-related stress suggest that individuals are passive in coping with stress.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transactional theories of work-related stress involve a transaction with our environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The recommended reading for work-related stress is from the year 2010.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The University support for mental health includes a 24-hour mental health helpline and wellbeing app.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The SafeZone app is a helpline for mental health support.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students Against Depression is a helpline for mental health support.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Greater Manchester Nightline is a confidential listening and information service.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Samaritans 24/7 Helpline is not a freephone service.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of primary interventions in organisational stress management?

<p>The work environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of organisations have an explicit strategy to manage staff stress and well-being, according to CIPD statistics?

<p>42% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of social support involves providing information or guidance to help an individual?

<p>Informational support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of tertiary interventions in organisational stress management?

<p>Rehabilitating individuals with stress-related conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe secondary interventions that aim to help employees cope with the work environment?

<p>Inoculation treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of primary interventions in organisational stress management?

<p>To identify and address the root causes of stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of social support involves showing empathy and understanding to an individual?

<p>Emotional support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of organisations use Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), according to CIPD statistics?

<p>31% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of secondary interventions in organisational stress management?

<p>The individual's coping mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of social support involves providing tangible assistance or resources to an individual?

<p>Instrumental support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why making job applications anonymous has been beneficial for women and individuals from non-Western backgrounds?

<p>It reduces the potential for bias in the selection process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Equality Act 2010?

<p>To provide a framework for employers to comply with the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances may it be lawful for an employer to specify that applicants for a job must have a particular protected characteristic?

<p>When the job requires a particular protected characteristic and it is crucial to the post. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with having too many tests in the selection process?

<p>It may lead to applicant fatigue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of conducting an Organisational Needs Analysis?

<p>It helps to identify the key skills and competencies required for the job. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between high achieving, early career women in Mathematical subjects and their likelihood of being shortlisted for interviews?

<p>They are less likely to be shortlisted for interviews. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with biased measures of career success?

<p>They are a contributing factor to systemic career inequity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the job description and person specification in the selection process?

<p>To inform the development of assessment methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of briefing participants after the application process?

<p>It helps to improve the candidate experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with the selection process being a two-way street?

<p>It may be influenced by the needs and preferences of both the organisation and the candidate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An employer is not required to make reasonable adjustments if a disabled employee or job applicant does not ask for adjustments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of AI in recruitment and selection can never unfairly exclude applicants based on bias against disability and neurodiversity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traditional platforms such as newspapers and JobCentre Plus are on the rise in recruitment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job analyses and person specifications help create poor selection methods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pandemic has decreased the use of technology in recruitment and selection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using technology in recruitment and selection can lead to biased decisions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An employer can claim an occupational requirement if there is no reasonable and less discriminatory way of achieving the same aim.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reasonable adjustments are only made for disabled employees and not for job applicants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing good selection procedures is not important for finding the best candidates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conducting interviews is an outdated method of recruitment and selection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an individual with high Openness to Experience?

<p>Intellectual/abstract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality dimension is associated with being organized and thorough?

<p>Conscientiousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an individual with low Agreeableness?

<p>Suspicious of others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field is associated with high Extraversion?

<p>Sales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an individual with high Neuroticism?

<p>Anxious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality dimension is associated with creativity and artistic interests?

<p>Openness to Experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an individual with low Conscientiousness?

<p>More disorganized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field is associated with high Agreeableness?

<p>Healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an individual with high Extraversion?

<p>Outgoing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality dimension is associated with emotional stability?

<p>Neuroticism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-report method of measuring personality is prone to changes in health, mood, and personal situation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Big Five model of personality includes a factor on honesty/humility.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other-report method of measuring personality is less prone to biases compared to self-report method.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality implies traits and behaviors that are unstable and change over time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Big Five model is the most widely accepted model of personality, but it has been criticized for being too simplistic.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interactionist trait + state approach is the most widely used approach in the study of personality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-report method of measuring personality is the most popular method currently in use.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 11+ Factor Model includes 74 personality traits.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SPI (Spirituality) is a recognized factor in the Big Five model of personality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HEXACO model includes a factor on spirituality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the emergent approach to change?

<p>A continuous, messy, non-linear, and unpredictable process of change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Kotter's 8-Step Change Model?

<p>It assumes a punctuated and linear approach to change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of managing resistance to change?

<p>Viewing resistance to change as a necessary part of the change process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an organizational culture of change?

<p>A flatter organizational structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Toyota's Commitment to Continuous Improvement?

<p>An emergent approach to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the planned approach to change?

<p>It downplays the importance of power and politics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the emergent approach to change management?

<p>Managing change as a bottom-up process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of organizational learning?

<p>A focus on empowerment and involvement of employees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of managerial behavior in the emergent approach to change?

<p>Managers as facilitators and coaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of large-scale transformation?

<p>An emergent approach to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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