Introduction to Work Psychology: Teamwork
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Questions and Answers

What type of team building is focused on addressing breakdowns in team cohesion?

  • Goal-setting
  • Trust exercises (correct)
  • Problem solving
  • Role clarification

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of team building?

  • Goal-setting
  • Team training (correct)
  • Problem solving
  • Role clarification

    • What is the primary aim of team training?

  • To improve team performance outcomes (correct)
  • To improve trust and confidence in team members
  • To reduce relationship conflict
  • To identify knowledge, skills, abilities necessary for good performance

    • Which of the following is an example of team training?

    <p>Crew Resource Management (CRM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of team training?

    <p>On team KSAs including communication, situational awareness, problem solving, and decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to which researchers is team building and team training effective?

    <p>Salas et al. (2008) and Klein et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of team training in terms of cognitive outcomes?

    <p>Improved cognitive outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of team building?

    <p>To improve trust and confidence in team members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of team training in terms of team performance?

    <p>Improved team performance outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of team building?

    <p>On building team competencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of trust exercises in team building?

    <p>To improve trust and confidence in team members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between team building and team training?

    <p>Team building focuses on team competencies, while team training focuses on technical skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using role clarification in team building?

    <p>Clarifies team member roles and responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of problem-solving exercises in team building?

    <p>To improve team performance outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training?

    <p>Team competencies such as communication and situational awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of team training in terms of team decision making?

    <p>Improves team decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of team training in terms of cognitive outcomes?

    <p>Improves shared knowledge among team members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the effectiveness of team building and team training?

    <p>Shuffler et al. (2011) and Salas et al. (2008)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of goal-setting exercises in team building?

    <p>To improve team performance outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using team building and team training together?

    <p>Combines the benefits of both team building and team training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The US Airways Hudson River landing was attributed to ineffective teamworking.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eagle Star Insurance's team development intervention involved walking across a bed of hot coals to improve team bonding.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ericsson's team development intervention involved staging a hijacking to improve team reactions to stress, and they gave notice to the police beforehand.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shuffler et al. (2011) suggest that team development interventions should be based on ad hoc decisions rather than theory and evidence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team building and team training are interchangeable terms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participation in team training for surgical teams is associated with higher mortality rates in 74 facilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Klein et al. emphasize the importance of team building in improving team performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team development interventions can have a negative impact on team performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Crew Resource Management programme is a type of team building intervention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team development can have a huge positive impact on team performance, but only in certain industries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leadership types is characterized by humiliating and manipulating employees to achieve results?

    <p>Tyrannical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of leaders in a national Norwegian sample were classified as destructive?

    <p>61%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of laissez-faire leadership, according to Skodstad et al. (2007)?

    <p>Role conflict and high levels of distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of contingency theory in leadership?

    <p>Adjusting leadership style to the situation and followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leadership types involves acting in the interests of both followers and the organization?

    <p>Destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of destructive leadership on follower attitudes and well-being, according to Schyns and Schilling (2013)?

    <p>Negative attitudes and decreased well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of constructive leadership behavior?

    <p>Laissez-faire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the LMX theory of leadership?

    <p>Building high-quality relationships with followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of derailed leadership?

    <p>Acting in an insensitive and arrogant way towards employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of destructive leadership types, in order of prevalence, according to Aasland et al. (2010)?

    <p>Laissez-faire &gt; supportive-disloyal &gt; derailed &gt; tyrannical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Derailed leadership is characterized by being liked by employees but undermining the organization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tyrannical leadership is characterized by achieving results to the detriment of employees.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laissez-faire leadership is a type of constructive leadership behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Up to 50% of leaders in a national Norwegian sample were classified as destructive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schyns and Schilling (2013) found that destructive leadership is positively related to follower attitudes towards the leader.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transformational leadership is a type of destructive leadership behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disloyal leadership is characterized by acting in an insensitive and arrogant way towards employees.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The LMX theory of leadership focuses on building high-quality relations with employees.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contingency theory of leadership focuses on balancing relationship- and task-orientation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pro-organisation leadership is a type of destructive leadership behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of training evaluation?

    <p>Establishing the effectiveness of training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of overlearning?

    <p>It helps to maintain performance during periods of low practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Training Cycle?

    <p>To identify training needs and evaluate training effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Kirkpatrick's Model?

    <p>Collecting data about trainees' views of training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main barrier to training evaluation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building a job performance database?

    <p>To evaluate the effectiveness of training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why trainers may not value training evaluation?

    <p>They view training as risky and expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of involving the wider community in training?

    <p>It provides additional learning opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of trainers in the on-the-job training approach?

    <p>Facilitators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Needs Analysis stage of the Training Cycle?

    <p>Identifying training needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 5% of training experiences are transferred from the training environment to the job.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychological fidelity refers to the degree of similarity between the training environment and the job environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High physical fidelity in training requires a lot of time and money.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research suggests that 60% of trained content is transferred immediately after training.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A continuous learning climate is not necessary for the maintenance of learned behavior in work organizations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High psychological fidelity can be achieved through simulated tasks that elicit the same knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) as the job.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Manager involvement is not necessary for the transfer of training to the job.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clear expectations for the trainee and the manager are not necessary before training.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying obstacles to transfer is not necessary for the enhancement of transfer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transfer of training occurs automatically without the need for any strategies to enhance it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intervention aims to reduce stress and improve organisational outcomes?

    <p>Primary interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kompier et al. (1998), which of the following is a critical success factor for interventions?

    <p>Employee involvement and participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the University Stress Scale?

    <p>To identify sources of stress in individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are primary interventions often expensive and time-consuming?

    <p>Because they require significant organisational changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of tertiary interventions?

    <p>They are less expensive and less disruptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richardson and Rothstein (2008), which type of intervention may tackle feelings of stress better?

    <p>Secondary interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of waiting for employees to become stressed before implementing interventions?

    <p>Defence against legal action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stress regulation training?

    <p>To improve employee stress responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bond and Bunce (2001), what is the benefit of primary interventions?

    <p>Reducing stress and improving organisational outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of tertiary interventions?

    <p>They must wait for employees to become stressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stress can have a positive impact on individuals and organisations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural approaches to understanding work-related stress focus on the balance between job demands and control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resource models of work-related stress suggest that individuals are passive in coping with stress.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transactional theories of work-related stress involve a transaction with our environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended reading for work-related stress is from the year 2010.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The University support for mental health includes a 24-hour mental health helpline and wellbeing app.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SafeZone app is a helpline for mental health support.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Students Against Depression is a helpline for mental health support.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Greater Manchester Nightline is a confidential listening and information service.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Samaritans 24/7 Helpline is not a freephone service.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of primary interventions in organisational stress management?

    <p>The work environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of organisations have an explicit strategy to manage staff stress and well-being, according to CIPD statistics?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social support involves providing information or guidance to help an individual?

    <p>Informational support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of tertiary interventions in organisational stress management?

    <p>Rehabilitating individuals with stress-related conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe secondary interventions that aim to help employees cope with the work environment?

    <p>Inoculation treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of primary interventions in organisational stress management?

    <p>To identify and address the root causes of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social support involves showing empathy and understanding to an individual?

    <p>Emotional support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of organisations use Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), according to CIPD statistics?

    <p>31%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of secondary interventions in organisational stress management?

    <p>The individual's coping mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social support involves providing tangible assistance or resources to an individual?

    <p>Instrumental support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why making job applications anonymous has been beneficial for women and individuals from non-Western backgrounds?

    <p>It reduces the potential for bias in the selection process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Equality Act 2010?

    <p>To provide a framework for employers to comply with the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances may it be lawful for an employer to specify that applicants for a job must have a particular protected characteristic?

    <p>When the job requires a particular protected characteristic and it is crucial to the post.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with having too many tests in the selection process?

    <p>It may lead to applicant fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of conducting an Organisational Needs Analysis?

    <p>It helps to identify the key skills and competencies required for the job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between high achieving, early career women in Mathematical subjects and their likelihood of being shortlisted for interviews?

    <p>They are less likely to be shortlisted for interviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with biased measures of career success?

    <p>They are a contributing factor to systemic career inequity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the job description and person specification in the selection process?

    <p>To inform the development of assessment methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of briefing participants after the application process?

    <p>It helps to improve the candidate experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with the selection process being a two-way street?

    <p>It may be influenced by the needs and preferences of both the organisation and the candidate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An employer is not required to make reasonable adjustments if a disabled employee or job applicant does not ask for adjustments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of AI in recruitment and selection can never unfairly exclude applicants based on bias against disability and neurodiversity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Traditional platforms such as newspapers and JobCentre Plus are on the rise in recruitment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job analyses and person specifications help create poor selection methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pandemic has decreased the use of technology in recruitment and selection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using technology in recruitment and selection can lead to biased decisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An employer can claim an occupational requirement if there is no reasonable and less discriminatory way of achieving the same aim.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reasonable adjustments are only made for disabled employees and not for job applicants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Developing good selection procedures is not important for finding the best candidates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conducting interviews is an outdated method of recruitment and selection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an individual with high Openness to Experience?

    <p>Intellectual/abstract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality dimension is associated with being organized and thorough?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an individual with low Agreeableness?

    <p>Suspicious of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field is associated with high Extraversion?

    <p>Sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an individual with high Neuroticism?

    <p>Anxious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality dimension is associated with creativity and artistic interests?

    <p>Openness to Experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an individual with low Conscientiousness?

    <p>More disorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field is associated with high Agreeableness?

    <p>Healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an individual with high Extraversion?

    <p>Outgoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality dimension is associated with emotional stability?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-report method of measuring personality is prone to changes in health, mood, and personal situation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Big Five model of personality includes a factor on honesty/humility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Other-report method of measuring personality is less prone to biases compared to self-report method.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Personality implies traits and behaviors that are unstable and change over time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Big Five model is the most widely accepted model of personality, but it has been criticized for being too simplistic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interactionist trait + state approach is the most widely used approach in the study of personality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-report method of measuring personality is the most popular method currently in use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 11+ Factor Model includes 74 personality traits.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SPI (Spirituality) is a recognized factor in the Big Five model of personality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HEXACO model includes a factor on spirituality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the emergent approach to change?

    <p>A continuous, messy, non-linear, and unpredictable process of change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of Kotter's 8-Step Change Model?

    <p>It assumes a punctuated and linear approach to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of managing resistance to change?

    <p>Viewing resistance to change as a necessary part of the change process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an organizational culture of change?

    <p>A flatter organizational structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Toyota's Commitment to Continuous Improvement?

    <p>An emergent approach to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the planned approach to change?

    <p>It downplays the importance of power and politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the emergent approach to change management?

    <p>Managing change as a bottom-up process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of organizational learning?

    <p>A focus on empowerment and involvement of employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of managerial behavior in the emergent approach to change?

    <p>Managers as facilitators and coaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of large-scale transformation?

    <p>An emergent approach to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

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