Introduction to Virology: Joshua Anzinger Objectives

Which characteristic distinguishes viruses from cellular pathogens?

Viruses possess both DNA and RNA, while cellular pathogens have only one type of genetic material.
Viruses are visible under a light microscope, while cellular pathogens are not.
Viruses can metabolize and reproduce on their own, while cellular pathogens require a host. (correct)
Viruses are intracellular parasites, while cellular pathogens can exist independently.

What is the highest level of virus classification, but is rarely used?

Family
Order (correct)
Species
Genus

What is the typical size range of a virus particle?

100-400 nanometers
10-100 nanometers
400-1000 nanometers
10-400 nanometers (correct)

Which of the following is a common characteristic of viral genetic material?

Viruses can have double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the structure of viruses and cellular pathogens?

Viruses have a helical or icosahedral structure, while cellular pathogens have a more varied structure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely origin of viruses according to the text?

Cellular origins from subcellular functional assemblies (C) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of numbers, how abundant are viruses on Earth compared to other organisms?

More abundant than any other organism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of human-infecting viruses discovered as of 2012?

$300$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary lifestyle strategy of viruses according to the text?

Parasitic dependence on host cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

In theory, how many genes would the 'simplest' virus have?

$1$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes significantly to the diversity of viral pathogens?

High mutation rates combined with short generation times (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Permissive and Non-Permissive in terms of viral replication?

Permissive cells allow the complete replication cycle, while Non-Permissive cells do not (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of viral replication involves capsid rearrangement?

Attachment & Penetration (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of viral replication, what is viral tropism?

The ability of a virus to infect specific cell types, tissues, or species (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Enveloped viruses from Naked viruses in terms of release during viral replication?

Enveloped viruses are released through exocytosis, while Naked viruses are released through lysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which Baltimore Class involves Reverse Transcription from RNA to DNA?

Complementary ssRNA must be made first (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category is specifically mentioned for targeting HIV, Herpes viruses, HBV, and HCV during the Synthesis phase of viral replication?

Polymerase drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to identify virus particles by morphology?

Transmission Electron Microscopy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method involves breaking apart double-stranded DNA?

PCR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the error rate in DNA viruses due to polymerase proofreading?

$10^{-6}$-$10^{-8}$ errors/base (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which method detects the presence of viral nucleic acid?

PCR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Serology Method from other diagnostic methods?

Assay of antibodies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of RNA viruses in terms of polymerase proofreading?

$10^{-4}$-$10^{-6}$ errors/base (D) Signup and view all the answers