23 Questions
Which characteristic distinguishes viruses from cellular pathogens?
Viruses can metabolize and reproduce on their own, while cellular pathogens require a host.
What is the highest level of virus classification, but is rarely used?
Order
What is the typical size range of a virus particle?
10-400 nanometers
Which of the following is a common characteristic of viral genetic material?
Viruses can have double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids.
What is the key difference between the structure of viruses and cellular pathogens?
Viruses have a helical or icosahedral structure, while cellular pathogens have a more varied structure.
What is the most likely origin of viruses according to the text?
Cellular origins from subcellular functional assemblies
In terms of numbers, how abundant are viruses on Earth compared to other organisms?
More abundant than any other organism
What is the approximate number of human-infecting viruses discovered as of 2012?
$300$
What is the primary lifestyle strategy of viruses according to the text?
Parasitic dependence on host cells
In theory, how many genes would the 'simplest' virus have?
$1$
What factor contributes significantly to the diversity of viral pathogens?
High mutation rates combined with short generation times
What is the main difference between Permissive and Non-Permissive in terms of viral replication?
Permissive cells allow the complete replication cycle, while Non-Permissive cells do not
Which phase of viral replication involves capsid rearrangement?
Attachment & Penetration
In the context of viral replication, what is viral tropism?
The ability of a virus to infect specific cell types, tissues, or species
What distinguishes Enveloped viruses from Naked viruses in terms of release during viral replication?
Enveloped viruses are released through exocytosis, while Naked viruses are released through lysis
Which Baltimore Class involves Reverse Transcription from RNA to DNA?
Complementary ssRNA must be made first
Which drug category is specifically mentioned for targeting HIV, Herpes viruses, HBV, and HCV during the Synthesis phase of viral replication?
Polymerase drugs
Which method is used to identify virus particles by morphology?
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Which diagnostic method involves breaking apart double-stranded DNA?
PCR
What is the error rate in DNA viruses due to polymerase proofreading?
$10^{-6}$-$10^{-8}$ errors/base
Which method detects the presence of viral nucleic acid?
PCR
What distinguishes the Serology Method from other diagnostic methods?
Assay of antibodies
What is a characteristic of RNA viruses in terms of polymerase proofreading?
$10^{-4}$-$10^{-6}$ errors/base
Explore the major structural components of a virus, how viruses are classified, general replication steps for all viruses, the link between mutation and adaptation, and viral diagnostic methodologies. Delve into the origins of viruses through regressive evolution theory.
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