Introduction to Tourism Transportation Management

Questions and Answers

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT man dolp sdt 1810s ohhu Learning Objectives: At the end of the chapter, the students can: ensre all bea • • bns leved 810S nI Discuss the relationship of tourism and transportation not pribrage,vilsnotibbA IOS Explain the effects of transportation on tourism development sm er en 64-612A bns Explain what is transportation management Briefly describe the modes of transportation CbCr picosขา วศวรS-sizA bris yle! bns nisq2 yd bewollo atenuad isnottamsini Tourism and Transportation ubai levsu Piecreases Tourism is the movement of people from their usual place of residence to another (destination) for either pleasure, recreation or other purpose. The transportation industry is responsible for moving people, animals, and goods from one location to another, whether by land, air, or sea. Transportation has been an essential piece of the travel industry. There is a general understanding that travel industry grows more when there are better transportation frameworks. voria over asibude noitshogansi Transportation through its role of movement of goods and people, decisively influences the other branches of the world economy, including local and international tourism. Without transportation there won't be the travel and tourism industry, people won't have means to reach another places that they desire to see. Therefore, the development on transportation is linked to the development of tourism, if transportation grows, tourism also grows Vilsb Three critical aspects that frame the transport/tourism relationship: viilidslivs ar no ineb

Tourists ultimately travel to and from a destination (or several destinations).

Understanding supply and demand characteristics in relation to tourism is critical in the planning and management of transport infrastructure.

The dynamic nature of transport can have significant impact on tourism in a destination; (disruptions can be political, natural or business) 3 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT Rise in Tourism Sector and leisure travelling The global travel and tourism sector grew at 3.9%, contributing a record of USD 8.8 trillion to the world economy, during 2018. The global tourism industry grew faster than the global economy for the eighth successive year (3.9% for travel and tourism versus 3.2% for the global GDP). In 2018, travel and tourism increased its share of leisure spending to 78.5%, from 77.5% in 2017. Additionally, spending from international tourists increased to 28.8% in 2018. Europe and Asia-Pacific are the major tourist destinations for both domestic and international travels. Both the regions dominated the international tourist's arrivals with Europe reaching 713 million and Asia-Pacific reaching 343 million, in 2018. In Europe, France witnessed the highest footfall of international tourists, followed by Spain and Italy. Increase in disposable income in emerging economies such as China and India has allowed customers to spend on travel. Air travel industry grew by 6% in 2018. This is resulted in increased usage of Airport transportation system. More than 50% of car rental revenue came from airport usage in 2019 which is expected to grow to 57.66% by 2025 bnsi Effects of transportation to tourism development. Transportation is vital to tourism. Studies have shown that tourists spend almost 30 to 40 percent of their total holiday expenditure on transportation and the remaining on food, accommodation, and other activities. • Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions. • • Transportation affects the mobility of tourists, in addition to influencing their demand and motivation to visit a certain tourist destination. Transport networks play a key role in development of new tourist destinations, especially in context of accessibility and connectivity: The ability of a destination to attract tourists is largely dependent on the availability and efficiency of transport needed to travel to that destination. Transportation is also important in terms of promoting the growth and development of existing tourist destinations. On the other hand, transportation leads to pollution, and this can affect both the wildlife and the natural habitat, thereby driving tourism away. 4 Transportation Management in Tourism TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT nad olidus The travel and tourism industry is reliant on on transportation service providers. Getting people from one place to another isn't as direct as it looks. Clients expect and demand the highest quality transportation for the lowest possible price. Considering budgets while retaining constantly high transportation standards is challenge in tour and travel industry. Strategic transportation management in tourism helps guarantee the right means of transport is provided at the right time and for the right price. Principles of Transportation Management and Operations There are two fundamental principles guiding transportation management and operations. They are economy of scale and economy of distance.

Economy of scale It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of weight decreases when the size of the shipment increases. It is common knowledge that larger the capacity of the transport vehicle more goods can be transported at a time which will decrease the cost per unit of transport. If smaller is the capacity of the transport vehicle then to transport a large amount of goods, more trips will have to be made which will increase the cost per unit of transport. E.g.: Rail or water transport is less expensive in case of bulk transport than smaller capacity vehicles like motor or air.

Economy of distance It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of distance decreases as distance increases. Transportation economy of distance is also referred to as a tapering principle since rates or charges taper (decrease) with distance. The rationale of economies of distance is similar to that for economies of scale. Longer distances allow the fixed expenses to be spread over more miles, resulting in lower overall per mile charge. vd bsoy srb Classification of transport Private transportation sorbinw viiliosi Private transport is the personal or individual use of transportation vehicles which are not available for use by the general public, where essentially the user can decide freely on time and the transit, using private car, bicycle, motorcycle, scooter, etc route of vehicles such as: поцел 5 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ➤ Public transport Public transport is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems en available for use by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip . Advantages of Mass Transportation 0 Environmental Impacts Mass transit is believed to be more environmental friendly than other public transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars. Social Impacts of Mass Transit All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable to drive. Economic Impacts of Mass Transit Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Transit systems also have an indirect positive effect on other businesses. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labor, materials, and energy over private transit systems. Also mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels. Reduces congestion 01 The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus eliminating congestion. Saves Time Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only at specific spots. Cost Effective 160 sdeving Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport. 6 ТИЗМЗВАНАМ КОНТАТЛОНСКАЯТ Disadvantages of Mass Transportation $1002 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT The desirable features of mass transit systems are balanced by a number of serious drawbacks. In the first place, such systems are economically feasible only in areas that have relatively large populations. As the number of inhabitants per square mile decreases, the efficiency of a mass transportation system also decreases. Isibiem Mass transit systems are also very expensive to build and to operate. This factor becomes more important when cities decide to install mass transit systems long after development has already taken place and disruption of existing structures is a serious problem. Since mass transit systems seldom receive the government assistance provided to highway construction, consumers often have to pay a higher fraction of the costs of using mass transportation. sa di as levad to om sluqoq Jaom People complain about mass transportation systems also because they can be crowded, uncomfortable, dirty, and unreliable. Again, with limited budgets, mass transit systems are seldom able to maintain equipment and schedules to the extent that riders can rightly demand. the SOUS Finally, mass transportation systems are simply not as convenient as the automobile. A person can step into her or his car and drive virtually anywhere with a minimum of inconvenience. No mass transportation system can approach this level of ease. MODES OF TRANSPORT and of $100 The various mode of transport can be broadly divided into the following three categories: Air transport b9zu $19w 29210 • Land transport Water transport begoleveb abso: 929rd to smoa bos hot beau stuoЯ x112 srt al mart to eno sibn bns nsteinsdolA of nst mot box mis sula sri 199 Tourism Transportation Air Transport leemir 160 6 00 Roads the Chica Land Transport Water Transport Railways ourismNotes.com 7 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT Air Transport Air transport is the fastest method of transport. Due to the growth of air transport in recent years, long-distance travel has become much simpler and affordable. Distance is now measured in hours and not in kilometers. The world has indeed shrunk and becomes a small village. The development of air transport mostly occurred after World War I and II. Commercial airlines were created for travelers. Jumbo jets have revolutionized travel. A large number of people travel by air because of the speed, comfort, and economy in terms of time saved. The modern era, thus, is the era of mass air travel. After road transport, air travel is the most popular mode of travel, particularly for international travel. For the business travelers, air transport is more convenient as it saves their precious time and offers a luxurious and hassle- free travel. 20 Land Transport A qanad zasm yllen ast are of sids Land transport covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the movement of people, goods and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in urban planning. It consists of 2 kinds, rail and road • Road Transport Until the seventeenth century, horses were used for traveling. Later on better roads were constructed and some of these roads developed into trade routes, which linked many countries. One of them is the Silk Route which was used for transporting silk from China to Persia and the Blue Gem road from Iran to Afghanistan and India. Today, the most popular and widely used mode of road travel is the automobile or the car. Road transport is dominated by the automobile, which provides views of the landscape and the freedom to travel. Tourist often travels with their entire family for holidays. To promote tourism, the vehicle required are coaches and tourist cars. Tourist coaches or buses are preferred for large tourist groups traveling together on a specified tour itinerary. Many tourists prefer to travel in comfort and privacy and hire cars. Cars of various makes and standards are available on a rental basis. The car rental segment of the tourism industry is in a very advanced stage in foreign countries. The client can book a car, himself or through 8 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT agents, and make it wait at the desired place at the destination. The client can then drive the car himself/herself on reaching the destination. Motorcars offer high flexibility, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source of noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Rail Transport ns is bris ledsw The railway is the most economical, convenient, and popular mode of travel especially for long distance travel all over the world. The railroad was invented in the seventeenth century in Germany with wooden tracks. The first steel rail was developed in the USA during the early 1800s. The railways revolutionized transportation and mass movement of people seen in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Water Transport bns ano 06500 Humans have been traveling through water since time immemorial and carried good and people from one place to another. The boats progressed from the simple raft with some modifications and improvement and were first used around 6000 BC. The cruise lines are the new attraction among the tourist. The cruises are booked several months in advance for trips into the tropical and sub-tropical waters of the Hawaii, Caribbean, Mediterranean, etc. Water transport today plays two main roles in travel and tourism namely ferrying and cruising. aboop Factors to Consider while choosing the most Suitable Mode of Transport for goods

Cost of Service: The cost of transportation adds to the cost of the goods so it should always be kept in mind. Rail transport is comparatively a cheaper mode of transport for carrying heavy and bulky traffic over long distances. Motor transport is best suited and economical to carry small traffic over short distances. Water transport is the cheapest mode of transport. It is suitable to carry only heavy and bulky goods over long distances where time is not an important factor. Air transport is the costliest means of transport but is particularly suited for carrying perishable, light and valuable goods which require quick delivery. 9

Speed of Transport: TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT Air transport is the quickest mode of transport but it is costliest of all. Motor transport is quicker than railways over short distances. However, the speed of railways over long distances is more than that of other modes of transport except air transport and is most suitable for long distances. Water transport is very slow and thus unsuitable where time is an important factor.

Flexibility: 200 Railways, water and air transport are inflexible modes of transport. They operate services on fixed routes and at preplanned time schedules. The goods have to be carried to the stations, ports and airports and then taken from there. Motor transport provides the most flexible service because it is not tied to fixed routes or time schedules.

Regularity of Service: Railway service is more certain, uniform and regular as compared to any other mode of transport. It is not much affected by weather conditions. On the other hand, motor transport, ocean transport and air transport are affected by bad weather such as heavy rains, snow, fog, storms etc.

Safety: Aibom Safety and security of goods in transit also influence the choice of a suitable means of transport. Motor transport may be preferred to railway transport because losses are generally less in motor transport. Water transport exposes the goods to the perils of sea and, hence from safety point of view, sea transport is thought of as a last resort.

Nature of Commodity: nism ow) om libsM Rail transport is most suitable for carrying cheap, bulk and heavy goods. Perishable goods which require quick delivery may be carried through motor transport or air transport keeping in mind the cost and distance. a very

What is the primary relationship between tourism and transportation?

Transportation is essential for enabling tourists to reach destinations. (correct)

Transportation hinders tourism growth.

Transportation has no significant impact on tourism.

Transportation improves the quality of tourist attractions.

Improved transportation can lead to lower visitor numbers at tourist destinations.

False

Name one advantage of public transportation systems in tourism.

Environmental sustainability. Signup and view all the answers

Transportation systems can impact the ______ of tourists by influencing their travel motivation.

mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transport is considered the fastest?

Air Signup and view all the answers

Match the transportation types with their characteristics:

Air Transport = Fastest travel method Road Transport = Flexible and personal use Rail Transport = Economical for long distances Water Transport = Used for leisure travel Signup and view all the answers

What principle of transportation management focuses on minimizing resource use to maximize service?

Efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Identify a factor that should be considered when choosing a mode of transport for goods.

Cost of Service Signup and view all the answers

Longer distances typically favor ______ transport; shorter distances may use land or water.

air Signup and view all the answers

Transportation links tourists with various tourist ______.

attractions Signup and view all the answers

Motor transport provides the most ______ service because it is not tied to fixed routes.

flexible Signup and view all the answers

Rail transport is most suitable for carrying cheap, bulk and ______ goods.

heavy Signup and view all the answers

Air transport is the ______ mode of transport but is costliest of all.

quickest Signup and view all the answers

Transportation management in tourism involves planning and coordinating the movement of tourists from one location to another efficiently and ______.

effectively Signup and view all the answers

Transportation is essential for accessing tourist destinations, influencing travel behavior and ______.

patterns Signup and view all the answers

Improved transportation increases access to remote destinations, boosting ______.

tourism Signup and view all the answers

Maximizing resource use to provide cost-effective transportation solutions refers to the principle of ______.

efficiency Signup and view all the answers

The primary types of public transport available for tourists include buses and ______.

trains Signup and view all the answers

Air transport is considered the ______ method of transport.

fastest Signup and view all the answers

Costs, speed, and flexibility are critical ______ to consider when choosing the most suitable mode of transport.

factors Signup and view all the answers

Quality transportation infrastructure, such as airports and roads, is vital for ______ growth.

tourism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes