Introduction to Thermodynamics

<p>Isolated system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only heat transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It always has a fixed and rigid boundary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideal gas molecules undergo inelastic collisions with the walls of the container. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extensive properties are additive in nature, while intensive properties are not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of each phase remains constant over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ideal gas model neglects the interactions between gas molecules, which are present in real gases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ideal gas model simplifies complex calculations by ignoring intermolecular forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Velocity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical composition of the system does not change over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume is reduced to one-third. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gay-Lussac's Law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat energy flows from a hotter body to a colder body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter, while intensive properties do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kelvin (K) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kelvin scale is obtained by shifting the Celsius scale by -273.15°. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rankine (°R) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adiabatic process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can exchange both mass and energy with surroundings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its temperature is constant throughout the system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure (A), Volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no change in volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adiabatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n is directly proportional to V. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State functions are always state variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of the volume of the gas to its temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the calculation of the volume of a gas at absolute zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of moles of the component divided by the total number of moles in the mixture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the weighted average of the molar masses of each component based on their molar fractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components of the mixture have a strong chemical attraction for each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are directly proportional. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total pressure is inversely proportional to the volume but directly proportional to the number of moles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adding the partial pressures of all the components in the mixture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thermodynamic system where no mass or energy is exchanged with the environment.

A thermodynamic system that can exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings.

A thermodynamic system that can exchange energy but not mass with its surroundings.

Measurable properties of a system required to describe its state, such as pressure, temperature, or volume.

A property that does not depend on the path taken, such as internal energy or enthalpy.

A property that depends on the path taken to reach a specific state, like work or heat.

A thermodynamic process with no heat exchange between the system and its surroundings.

A state when the temperature remains constant throughout the system and no net heat flow occurs.

A branch of chemistry that studies heat flow.

A specific portion of matter defined for analysis.

Everything outside the system that affects it.

A closed surface defining the limits of a system.

Specific instances like balloons, flasks, and humans.

A state where pressure does not vary at any point in the system.

A condition where the chemical composition of a system remains constant over time.

Occurs in a two-phase system when the mass of each phase stabilizes at an equilibrium level.

Characteristics of a system that help describe its state, can be extensive or intensive.

Properties independent of a system’s size, such as temperature and pressure.

Properties that depend on system size, like mass and volume, and are additive.

A theoretical model to simplify the understanding of gas behavior under certain conditions.

Four key assumptions about ideal gases: point-like molecules, random motion, elastic collisions, no intermolecular forces.

A temperature scale starting at absolute zero, where molecular motion stops.

States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin.

A gas mixture where particles have only elastic collisions and no interactions.

The ratio of the amount of a specific component to the total amount of all components in a mixture.

The weighted average of the molar masses of the components in a gas mixture.

The mass per unit volume of a gas mixture.

The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.

PV = nRT describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gas.

Volume of gas inversely varies with pressure at constant temperature.

Mathematically, Boyle's law is expressed as P×V = k.

Pressure of gas directly varies with absolute temperature at constant volume.

Mathematically expressed as P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂.

Expressed as V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂.

R = 8.314 J/(K·mol) is the constant in the Ideal Gas Law.

Temperature measures hotness or coldness, indicating heat flow direction.

A property independent of the amount of matter, like temperature.

Temperature scale used mainly in the U.S., noted in degrees F (°F).

Standard temperature scale in metric countries, noted in degrees C (°C).