Introduction to the Nervous System

lipid

False (B)

<p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites = Receive signals from other neurons Axon = Transmits signals to other neurons Cell body = Contains the nucleus and other organelles of the neuron Myelin sheath = Insulates the axon and increases the speed of signal transmission Nodes of Ranvier = Gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for rapid signal conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood-brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory receptors, nerves, spinal cord, brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain = Central control organ Spinal cord = Main pathway for signals between brain and body Sensory receptors = Detect changes inside and outside the body Nerves = Carry signals between components of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>somatic and autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic Nervous System (SNS) = Voluntary control of skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) = Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Sympathetic Nervous System = Fight-or-flight response Parasympathetic Nervous System = Rest-and-digest response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating contractions, secretions, and endocrine secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>enteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support, nourish and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic Nervous System = Voluntary control of skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System = Involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands Efferent Division = Transmits impulses from CNS to peripheral organs Afferent Division = Transmits impulses from peripheral organs to CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They play an important role in the transmission of impulses from the cell body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neurilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct impulses away from the cell body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites = Receive incoming impulses Axon = Conduct impulses away from the cell body Nucleus = Contains genetic material Myelin sheath = Insulates the axon to speed up impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons and neuroglial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes = Support and nourish neurons Microglia = Immune defense in the CNS Oligodendrocytes = Form myelin in the CNS Schwann cells = Form myelin in the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saltatory conduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interior of the nerve becomes positive, reaching around +35 mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being cold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system's main control center, composed of the brain and spinal cord.

The network of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, carrying sensory information and motor commands.

Responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary actions.

Regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

The division of the ANS responsible for preparing the body for stress or danger, triggering 'fight or flight' responses.

The nervous system is the master controller of our body, coordinating and regulating all other systems to work together.

The nervous system operates on two levels: unconscious and conscious. Unconscious actions happen automatically, like breathing. Conscious actions are deliberate, like talking or playing.

The nervous system is divided into four main components: sensory receptors, nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain. Each component plays a crucial role in receiving, processing, and responding to information.

The nervous system works with the endocrine system to maintain a stable internal environment called homeostasis. It also influences our thoughts, emotions, and interactions with the world.

The nervous system is made of two types of cells: neurons and neuroglial cells. Neurons are responsible for transmitting information through electrical signals, while neuroglial cells provide support and protection.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of neurons that controls the digestive system. It is often referred to as the "brain of the gut" because it operates independently of the central nervous system (CNS).

The ENS is responsible for controlling involuntary functions of the digestive tract, such as muscle contractions, secretions, and endocrine signaling. It plays a key role in digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.

The ENS receives signals from the CNS, but it can also act independently. This allows the digestive system to operate autonomously and adjust to changing conditions.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that extends outside the CNS. It includes all nerves and ganglia that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

The PNS has two main divisions: the afferent (sensory) division and the efferent (motor) division. The afferent division transmits sensory information from the body to the CNS, while the efferent division transmits motor commands from the CNS to the body.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It allows you to consciously move your arms, legs, and other parts of your body.

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, breathing, digestion, and sweating. It operates without conscious control.

The autonomic nervous system has two branches: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. These branches have opposing effects on target organs, working together to maintain homeostasis.

The fatty, protein-rich covering around axons that speeds up nerve impulse conduction.

Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon, allowing for faster signal transmission.

Nerve cells that lack myelin insulation, leading to slower conduction speeds.

A disease that destroys myelin in the central nervous system, disrupting nerve impulses.

The ability of neurons to generate and transmit nerve impulses in response to stimuli.

The ability of neurons to conduct nerve impulses along their axons.

Specialized cells in the nervous system that support and protect neurons, performing various functions.

A protective barrier formed by astrocytes and blood vessel walls, preventing many substances from entering the brain.

The main part of a neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles, responsible for the neuron's metabolic activities and survival.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) present within the neuron's cell body. They play a vital role in producing and transporting proteins, especially those involved in neurotransmitter synthesis.

Short, branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.

The long, cylindrical projection of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The point where the axon originates from the cell body, often where nerve impulses are generated.

The plasma membrane that encloses the axon, playing a crucial role in the transmission and conduction of nerve impulses.

The outermost layer of the Schwann cell plasma membrane, surrounding the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.

The ability of a nerve fiber to respond to a stimulus and generate a nerve signal.

A stable, negative electrical potential across the membrane of a nerve cell when it is not transmitting a signal.

A rapid change in the membrane potential of a nerve cell, characterized by a brief reversal of charge, from negative to positive.

The process by which a nerve impulse travels along a nerve fiber.

The conduction of nerve impulses along unmyelinated nerve fibers, where the signal travels continuously along the membrane.

The conduction of nerve impulses along myelinated nerve fibers, where the signal 'jumps' between the gaps in the myelin sheath.

Junction between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.

A chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

The process by which a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron, travels across the synaptic cleft, and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a signal in the next neuron.

A type of synapse where transmission occurs directly through gap junctions, allowing ions to flow freely between cells.