40 Questions
What is the primary function of the sensory portion of the nervous system?
To detect and transmit different sensations to the central nervous system
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions of the body?
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the primary function of the motor portion of the nervous system?
To control voluntary movements by descending motor tracts
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for higher brain functions, such as sleep, memory, learning, and emotions?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the main difference between the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
The SNS controls voluntary movements, while the ANS controls involuntary functions
Which of the following is a component of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
All of the above
What is the main function of the Integrative Centers (CNS) in the nervous system?
To perceive and interpret the meaning of different sensations, and generate orders to control both voluntary and involuntary functions of the body
Which of the following is a component of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Sympathetic Nervous System
What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate the fight-or-flight response
What is the difference between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
Preganglionic neurons are longer, while postganglionic neurons are shorter.
What is the main neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?
To prepare the body for emergency situations
What is the main difference between the ganglia in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Sympathetic ganglia are located closer to the spinal cord, while parasympathetic ganglia are located closer to the effector organs.
What is the main neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To promote rest and digestion
What is the main difference between the neurotransmitters used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine, while parasympathetic nerves release acetylcholine.
What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in terms of their ganglia?
Sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord, while parasympathetic ganglia are located near the effector organs.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers
Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or flight response
What is the main difference between the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are short, while parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are long.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Anabolic processes
Which of the following is a correct statement about the origin of the first-order neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
The sympathetic nervous system has a thoracolumbar outflow, while the parasympathetic nervous system has a craniosacral outflow.
What is the primary function of the collateral ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system?
They are located around the origin of large blood vessels in the abdomen.
What is the primary function of the terminal ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system?
They are very near or even inside the effector organs.
What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?
To secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, reinforcing the sympathetic nervous system
How is the adrenal medulla stimulated to release its hormones?
By acetylcholine released from preganglionic sympathetic fibers
What is the approximate ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine released by the adrenal medulla?
80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine
What is the dual mechanism of sympathetic stimulation, and why is it important?
Direct stimulation by sympathetic nerves and indirect stimulation by adrenal medullary hormones; it provides a safety factor in case one mechanism fails
What is the duration of action of the hormones released by the adrenal medulla?
Minutes
What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?
Nervous tissue
Which of the following is NOT a secretion of the adrenal medulla?
Cortisol
What is the structural relationship between the adrenal medulla and the adrenal gland?
The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate involuntary bodily functions
How does the autonomic nervous system differ from the somatic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system controls smooth and cardiac muscle, while the somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle
Which of the following statements about efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system is correct?
There are two efferent neurons: preganglionic and postganglionic
Which of the following neurotransmitters is used by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What type of receptors are found on skeletal muscles?
Nicotinic receptors
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is generally considered the 'fight or flight' system?
Sympathetic division
Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system located?
In the lateral horn cells of the spinal cord
Which of the following statements about the function of the autonomic nervous system is correct?
It can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects
Test your knowledge on Nervous System Physiology, including topics like Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), regulation of body functions, and functional organization of the nervous system. Learn about motor and sensory portions, integrative centers, and more.
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