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Questions and Answers
What are the common methods for administering tablets?
What are the common methods for administering tablets?
Tablets are only used for systemic drug delivery.
Tablets are only used for systemic drug delivery.
False
The main advantage of oral tablets is that they are _____ and _____ for drug administration.
The main advantage of oral tablets is that they are _____ and _____ for drug administration.
convenient, safe
What is the purpose of disintegration in tablet manufacturing?
What is the purpose of disintegration in tablet manufacturing?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of tablet dosage forms?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of tablet dosage forms?
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What is the function of the hopper in a tablet press?
What is the function of the hopper in a tablet press?
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What is powder compression in tablet manufacturing?
What is powder compression in tablet manufacturing?
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The rotary tablet machine can produce up to _____ tablets per minute.
The rotary tablet machine can produce up to _____ tablets per minute.
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Instrumented tablet presses are used primarily for quality control.
Instrumented tablet presses are used primarily for quality control.
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What are two reasons for granulation in tablet production?
What are two reasons for granulation in tablet production?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Tablets
- Tablets are solid preparations containing a single dose of one or more active ingredients, created by compressing a uniform volume of particles.
- Tablets are administered by swallowing whole, chewing, retaining in the mouth, buccal (slow release), sublingual (fast action), or dissolving in water.
- Tablets typically contain excipients in addition to the active ingredient.
- The primary use of tablets is for systemic drug delivery, but sometimes they can be used for local drug delivery, such as vaginal tablets.
Tablet Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Convenient and safe oral route of administration, better physical and chemical stability than liquid dosage forms, accurate dosing, convenient to handle and use, production procedures can be quality-controlled, and mass production at low cost.
- Disadvantages: Poor bioavailability of poorly water-soluble or poorly absorbable drugs, difficulty swallowing for some patients.
Tablet Quality Attributes
- Elegant appearance with characteristic shape and color.
- Consistent weight and size.
- Correct dose.
- Uniform drug content.
- Biocompatible (no toxic excipients).
- Sufficient mechanical strength for handling during manufacture, packaging, transportation, and use.
- Physically, chemically, and biologically stable.
- Reproducible drug release.
- Bioavailability (disintegration and dissolution).
- Acceptable by the patient for the intended use.
- Retains all functional attributes, including drug stability and efficacy.
Tablet Manufacturing
- Tablets are usually formed by compressing particles together by powder compression, creating a porous solid with a defined shape.
- Powder Compression: Reducing the volume of a powder due to the application of a force.
- Powder Compaction: Forming a solid sample of defined geometry by powder compression.
Single Punch Tableting Machine Parts
- Hopper for storing and feeding granules.
- Feed frame for distributing the formulation into the dies.
- Dies for controlling the tablet size and shape.
- Punches for compacting the formulation into tablets.
- Cams that guide the moving punches.
Single Punch Tableting Machine Working
- Filling Stage: Powder fills the die by gravity or centrifugal force.
- Compression Stage: The upper punch lowers into the die, compressing the powder. The upper punch then moves up.
- Ejection Stage: The lower punch moves up to reject the tablet.
- Tablet weight is controlled by the lower punch position and remains stationary during compaction.
- Single-punch machines produce approximately 200 tablets per minute.
Rotary Tableting Machine Steps
- Multiple dies (up to 60) and punch pairs on the die table.
- The die table and punches rotate together, ensuring the same punch always works with the same die.
- Production rates of up to 10,000 tablets per minute, suitable for mass production.
Instrumented Tablet Press
- Records forces during compression, from upper and lower punches, and transmitted to the die.
- Records displacement of the upper and lower punches during compression and decompression phases.
- Primarily used in research, typically instrumented single-punch or hydraulic presses.
- Useful for investigating the relation between applied force and tablet properties, as well as describing and analyzing compression properties of powders.
Tablet Production via Granulation
-
Reasons for Granulation:
- Improve powder flowability.
- Improve mixing homogeneity and reduce segregation.
- Improve powder compactability (e.g. by adding a binder).
- Improve powder bulk density.
- Ensure homogeneous tablet color.
- Improve dissolution of poorly soluble drugs by dispersing fine drug powders in a hydrophilic diluent.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of tablets, including their preparation, benefits, and limitations. Understand how they are used for systemic and local drug delivery. This quiz provides insights into the role of tablets in pharmaceutical formulations.
