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Questions and Answers
The first step in the Design Phase of the SDLC is to develop a design strategy.
The first step in the Design Phase of the SDLC is to develop a design strategy.
True
In the Implementation Phase, user training is not necessary before installing the system.
In the Implementation Phase, user training is not necessary before installing the system.
False
Agile development is one of the methodologies used in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Agile development is one of the methodologies used in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
True
The Design Architecture and interfaces must be developed before constructing the system.
The Design Architecture and interfaces must be developed before constructing the system.
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Data centered methodologies focus primarily on the processes within the system.
Data centered methodologies focus primarily on the processes within the system.
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Failures in project development occur too often, leading to late or over budget deliveries.
Failures in project development occur too often, leading to late or over budget deliveries.
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The role of a Systems Analyst is limited to understanding technical aspects only.
The role of a Systems Analyst is limited to understanding technical aspects only.
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The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) consists of three main phases.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) consists of three main phases.
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During the Planning Phase of SDLC, conducting a feasibility analysis is a crucial step.
During the Planning Phase of SDLC, conducting a feasibility analysis is a crucial step.
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Agents of change primarily focus on technical programming tasks within the organization.
Agents of change primarily focus on technical programming tasks within the organization.
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Communication skills are not necessary for a Systems Analyst.
Communication skills are not necessary for a Systems Analyst.
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System Requests are developed solely during the Evaluation Phase of the SDLC.
System Requests are developed solely during the Evaluation Phase of the SDLC.
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The analysis strategy in the Analysis Phase of SDLC involves modeling the current system.
The analysis strategy in the Analysis Phase of SDLC involves modeling the current system.
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The Unified Process includes staffing and budgeting as part of its workflows.
The Unified Process includes staffing and budgeting as part of its workflows.
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The current version of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is Version 2.5 with 15 diagrams.
The current version of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is Version 2.5 with 15 diagrams.
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The Enhanced Unified Process adds new workflows such as Operations & Support and Infrastructure management.
The Enhanced Unified Process adds new workflows such as Operations & Support and Infrastructure management.
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Testing is categorized under supporting workflows in the Unified Process.
Testing is categorized under supporting workflows in the Unified Process.
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Configuration and change management is one of the engineering workflows.
Configuration and change management is one of the engineering workflows.
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Agile methodologies are suitable for every type of project.
Agile methodologies are suitable for every type of project.
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Extreme programming (XP) is one of the popular examples of agile development methodologies.
Extreme programming (XP) is one of the popular examples of agile development methodologies.
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Encapsulation refers to hiding all aspects of functionality from users.
Encapsulation refers to hiding all aspects of functionality from users.
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Polymorphism allows the same message to have different meanings in object-oriented systems.
Polymorphism allows the same message to have different meanings in object-oriented systems.
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Inheritance allows subclasses to create their own data and methods independently of superclasses.
Inheritance allows subclasses to create their own data and methods independently of superclasses.
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Dynamic binding determines the type of object at compile-time.
Dynamic binding determines the type of object at compile-time.
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The Waterfall Development model emphasizes flexibility by allowing changes during the design phase.
The Waterfall Development model emphasizes flexibility by allowing changes during the design phase.
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Object-oriented analysis and design (OOSAD) is one of the categories of information systems development methodologies.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOSAD) is one of the categories of information systems development methodologies.
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The Phased model in RAD Development delivers a complete system in a single version.
The Phased model in RAD Development delivers a complete system in a single version.
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A method in object-oriented programming defines the data of a class.
A method in object-oriented programming defines the data of a class.
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Agile Development methodologies focus on reducing modeling and documentation requirements.
Agile Development methodologies focus on reducing modeling and documentation requirements.
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The Throwaway Prototyping methodology requires a short analysis phase to be effective.
The Throwaway Prototyping methodology requires a short analysis phase to be effective.
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Rapid Application Development (RAD) is characterized by lengthy documentation and extended timelines.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is characterized by lengthy documentation and extended timelines.
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The Parallel Model of development minimizes the chance of required rework.
The Parallel Model of development minimizes the chance of required rework.
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EXtreme Programming is a type of structured development methodology.
EXtreme Programming is a type of structured development methodology.
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Prototyping-Based Methodologies often create quick and minimal features to encourage rapid development.
Prototyping-Based Methodologies often create quick and minimal features to encourage rapid development.
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OOSAD is primarily focused on a use-case driven approach.
OOSAD is primarily focused on a use-case driven approach.
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The Unified Process includes only one phase throughout the project lifecycle.
The Unified Process includes only one phase throughout the project lifecycle.
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Architecture centric in OOSAD focuses solely on the user’s perspective.
Architecture centric in OOSAD focuses solely on the user’s perspective.
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Iterative and incremental methodologies involve continuous testing and refinement.
Iterative and incremental methodologies involve continuous testing and refinement.
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is not utilized in object-oriented analysis and design.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is not utilized in object-oriented analysis and design.
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The construction phase of the Unified Process primarily focuses on testing and deployment.
The construction phase of the Unified Process primarily focuses on testing and deployment.
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Workflows in the Unified Process describe tasks that occur in each phase.
Workflows in the Unified Process describe tasks that occur in each phase.
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OOSAD helps in viewing a complex system through the eyes of the developers alone.
OOSAD helps in viewing a complex system through the eyes of the developers alone.
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
- Course code: IS 335
- Institution: Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Learning Objectives
- Familiarize students with the roles and skills of a systems analyst
- Understand the fundamental systems development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases
- Understand the evolution of systems development methodologies
- Orient students to object-oriented systems analysis and design principles
- Introduce the Unified Process, its extensions, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
- Cover basic characteristics of object-oriented systems
Introduction
- System Analysis: Understanding and detail the required functionality of an information system
- System Design: The process of describing how information system components will be implemented physically
Introduction to Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- SDLC: Designing, building, and delivering an information system to fulfill business needs.
- Systems analyst: Key person in developing a system, analysis, improvement identification, and system design for implementation.
Why a Formal Process is Needed
- Failures are frequent; system development is not always intuitive
- Projects often exceed deadlines and/or budget
- Systems often have fewer features than planned
Systems Analyst Skills
- Agents of change: Identifying organizational improvements and training others
- Technical skills: Deep technology comprehension
- Business skills: Deep understanding of business processes
- Analytical skills: Problem-solving and analysis ability
- Communication skills: Effective communication with various audiences—technical and non-technical
- Interpersonal skills: Leadership and management
- Ethical skills: Ethical behavior and confidential information protection
Systems Analyst Roles
- Business analyst: Assessing business aspects, design value, and business processes & policies
- Systems analyst: Identifying technology improvements and designing new technologies.
- Infrastructure analyst: Adapting infrastructure.
- Change management analyst: Managing change plans and training users.
- Project manager: Managing resources, project planning, and technical writers.
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Phases
- Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation.
- Phases are executed sequentially, incrementally, iteratively, or in another pattern
- Each phase is documented and includes specific documents, helping understanding project progress.
Questions To Be Answered
- Planning phase: Reasons for building, value provision, and build time estimation.
- Analysis phase: User identification, system functionality, and use locations.
- Design phase: Methodology for system building.
SDLC: Planning Phase
- Project Initiation: System request (develop/receive), feasibility analysis (technical, economic, organizational).
- Project Management: Developing, staffing, monitoring, and controlling projects.
SDLC: Analysis Phase
- Develop analysis strategy: Model existing and designed systems.
- Gather requirements: Develop system concepts and create business models (business data, processes).
- Develop system proposal: Formal documentation.
SDLC: Design Phase
- Develop design strategies: System architecture and interfaces design
- Develop databases and file specifications
- Develop program design (specific programs, their functions)
SDLC: Implementation Phase
- System construction: Writing and executing codes. Testing
- System installation: User training
- System maintenance and support
SDLC: Methodologies
- Process, data, object oriented
- Structured, rapid action, agile
- Object oriented analysis and design methodologies, DevOps, custom methodologies.
Classes of Methodologies
- Structured Development:
- Waterfall model: Sequential phases, complete definition before programming, long time delay
- Parallel model: Parallel development of subprojects, less time on projects with less chance of rework
- Rapid Application Development
- Phased: System development through versions
- Prototyping: Quick and dirty system—minimal features
- Throwaway prototyping: Detailed analysis, reliable solution; requires extensive time—More stability
- Agile Development: Streamlined process; eliminates modeling and documentation
- Extreme programming (XP): Communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage
- Scrum: Agile approach
Which Methodology to Use?
- Chart outlining the usefulness of methodologies for different situations
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis & Design (OOSAD)
- Third methodology category. Aims to balance data and process.
- Uses UML, Unified Process
Characteristics of OOSAD
- Use-case driven: Use cases define system behavior; focuses on individual business processes
- Architecture-centric:
- Functional view: User perspective
- Static view: Attributes, methods, classes, and relationships
- Dynamic view: Messages between classes, behaviors
- Iterative and incremental: Continuous testing and refinement enabling systems understanding over time
Benefits of OOSAD
- Break complex systems into modules
- Works on modules individually
- Understand system through realistic user interaction
The Unified Process
- Methodology for object-oriented analysis and design implementations
- Two-dimensional process composed of phases and workflows
- Phases: Time periods in development
- Workflows: Activities in specific phases
Unified Process Phases
- Inception: Feasibility assessment (technical, economic, organizational).
- Elaboration: Focus on analysis and design; other workflows might be included.
- Construction: Emphasis on programming/implementation.
- Transition: Focus on testing and deployment
Workflows
- Engineering and supporting workflows.
- Descriptions of duties or activities developers will undergo to progress an information system.
Engineering Workflows
- Business modeling, requirements, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and deployment
Supporting Workflows
- Project management, configuration and change management, and environment management.
Extensions to the Unified Process
- Clarification regarding the details that the Unified Process does not include.
- Addition of a Production Phase after the product has been deployed
- Modifications to the workflows: operations, infrastructure management
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
- Common object-oriented vocabulary, diagrams, and implementation modeling.
- 2.5 current version. Has 15 diagrams in two parts: structure diagrams and behavior diagrams.
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Description
Test your understanding of the roles and skills of systems analysts, the systems development life cycle (SDLC), and object-oriented principles in systems analysis and design. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of the methodologies and tools used in system development.
