Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of systematics?
Taxonomy is derived from the Greek words 'taxis' for arrangement and 'nomos' for law.
True
What are the two divisions of taxonomy?
Classification and nomenclature
Systematics deals with populations, species, and higher taxa, cultivating a way of thinking and approaching biological problems important for the balance and well-being of __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the field of systematics with its description:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of glycerine in preservation techniques?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a method of drying plant materials?
Signup and view all the answers
The herbarium specimen is usually accompanied by a field note tag.
Signup and view all the answers
Herbarium specimens are mounted onto sheets of mounting paper size __.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following: Type of Plant Collection with its description
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Linnaean system of classification based on?
Signup and view all the answers
Binomial nomenclature uses words from different languages for naming species.
Signup and view all the answers
Which phyla contain the most important species causing human disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two parts of a scientific name in binomial nomenclature?
Signup and view all the answers
Protozoa can survive outside of a host in the cyst form. True or False?
Signup and view all the answers
Linnaeus' classification system has seven levels, each level is ______ in the level above it.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of transforming a trophozoite into a cyst form?
Signup and view all the answers
Fungi feed by extracellular digestion through __________ they grow.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the fungal characteristics with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Systematics
- Systematics is the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their relationships.
- The term "systematics" comes from the Latinized Greek word "systema" meaning an organized whole.
- Systematics is the study of the kinds and diversity of organisms, and the relationships among them.
Scope of Systematics
- Deals with populations, species, and higher taxa.
- Supplies information about these levels and cultivates a way of thinking and approaching biological problems.
- Determines the unique properties of each species and higher taxon, and what properties they have in common.
Aims of Systematics
- To inventory the world's kinds of organisms (flora and fauna).
- To provide a method for identification and communication.
- To produce a coherent and universal system of classification.
- To demonstrate the evolutionary implications of biodiversity.
Component Fields of Systematics
- Biodiversity: the number and kinds of organisms.
- Taxonomy: the art and science of describing organisms.
- Classification: methods of grouping organisms.
- Nomenclature: the science of naming organisms.
- Biogeography: the study of the distribution of organisms.
- Evolutionary Biology: the study of the evolution of organisms.
- Phylogenetics: the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Contributions of Systematics to Biology
- Provides a vivid picture of organic diversity.
- Supplies information for the reconstruction of phylogeny.
- Reveals evolutionary phenomena making them available for causal study.
- Supplies classifications which have heuristic and explanatory value in fields like evolution, biochemistry, ecology, and genetics.
Roles of Taxonomy
- Provides a vivid picture of organic diversity.
- Supplies information for the reconstruction of phylogeny.
- Reveals evolutionary phenomena making them available for causal study.
- Supplies classifications which have heuristic and explanatory value in fields like evolution, biochemistry, ecology, and genetics.
Tools of Systematics
- Morphological, biochemical, and molecular comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships.
- Computer programs and mathematical tools to evaluate molecular homologies.
Plant Morphology and Identification Keys
- Plant morphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.
- Types of plant parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
- Leaf type/parts: simple, compound, leaf arrangement, leaf venation, leaf structural type.
- Types of stems: rhizome, stolon, and bud.
- Fruit and seed types.
Plant Identification
- Ways to identify a plant: specimen comparison, image comparison, taxonomic keys, and expert determination.
- Types of taxonomic keys: indented key and bracketed key.
Linnaean System of Classification
- Developed by Carl Linnaeus.
- Uses a two-part scientific naming system: genus name and species descriptor.
- Seven levels of classification: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
- Limitations of the Linnaean system: doesn't account for molecular evidence.
Dichotomous Key
- A method of identifying unknown organisms.
- Constructed of a series of couplets, each consisting of two separate statements.
- Ways to construct a dichotomous key: using numbers or letters to separate couplets.
- Example of a dichotomous key: identifying types of beans.### Plant Identification
- Plant preservation involves keeping safe from injury, harm, or destruction, and keeping alive, intact, or free from decay.
- Methods of plant preservation:
- Natural drying (e.g., dry grasses, reeds, pine cones)
- Artificial drying (e.g., air drying, microwave drying, silica gel, freeze drying, oven drying)
- Special preservation techniques (e.g., glycerine, skeletonizing, bleaching)
Herbarium
- A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens, arranged in a sequence of an accepted system of classification.
- Functions of a herbarium:
- Conservation of material and data
- Allows for accurate identification of plants
- Certifies the correctness of a plant name
- Provides a vital reference collection
- Supports research and teaching activities
Botanical Nomenclature
- The domain system of classification:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- 5 main kingdoms:
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Protista
- Viruses:
- Do not fit the domain system
- Classified by Family and Genus
- Referred to by common name
- Have a nucleic acid genome
- Ranges in size from 10-400nm
- Categorized by size, shape, and type of nucleic acid
Microorganisms
- Bacteria:
- Classified by phenotypic and genotypic systems
- Found in every kind of environment
- Most bacteria are protected by a cell wall (peptidoglycan)
- Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
- Viruses:
- Obligate intracellular parasites
- Cannot reproduce outside a living cell
- Infect a living cell, duplicate nucleic acid and other parts
- Can mutate
- Protists:
- Unicellular or multicellular
- Autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Classified into three major categories:
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Fungus-like Protists
- Fungi:
- Plant-like living organisms
- Heterotrophic eukaryotes
- Usually filamentous
- Feed by extracellular digestion
- Produce spores
- Examples: yeasts, molds, and mushrooms
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about the science of systematics, its definition, and the study of diversity and relationships among organisms, as developed by early naturalists like Carolus Linnaeus.
