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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of system hacking?
What does the attack surface of a software product include?
How can an organization measure its attack surface effectively?
What is one recommended best practice for attack surface reduction?
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What role does the Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer serve?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of attack surface evaluation?
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Why is it important to monitor changes to the attack surface regularly?
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What types of attacks are included in the study of password attacks?
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What does the damage potential of a method depend on?
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Which factor is NOT considered in estimating a channel’s damage potential?
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How is a persistent data item’s damage potential evaluated?
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Which of the following is essential for an attacker to gain a method’s privilege?
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What contributes to a resource’s overall attack surface?
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What is the primary function of the Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer 2.0?
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What is a significant step involved before checking a target app using the Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer?
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In the password system outlined, what is the role of the salt when hashing a password?
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How does the password comparison process work in the outlined system?
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What is generated to show the changes in the attack surface after installing a new app?
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What technique is used to protect stored passwords in the password system?
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What is the primary characteristic of LM and NTLM hashed passwords?
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Why should the Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer be repeated after a new app is installed?
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What is the bit-length of a SHA-1 hash?
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What happens if the hashed password matches the stored hashed password during login?
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Which hashing algorithm superseded LM and NTLM?
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Which of the following is considered a common password guessing technique?
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What does SHA-n refer to?
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What is a major risk associated with the use of default or weak passwords?
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Which SHA version is the most popular variant that produces a 256-bit hash?
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Which technique would NOT typically be categorized as a password guessing strategy?
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Which of the following types of hashes does John the Ripper support for user passwords?
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Which type of traffic can John the Ripper analyze?
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Which of the following filesystems can John the Ripper handle?
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What method does Ophcrack use for password recovery?
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What is the primary function of THC Hydra?
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Which operating systems are compatible with Ophcrack?
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What is a necessary step before loading 'pass.txt' in Ophcrack?
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What file format does John the Ripper require for analyzing DES-encrypted content?
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Study Notes
Introduction to System Hacking
- Gaining access to a target system using previously obtained information
- Attack surface: all points of entry and exit for a system (e.g., user interface, database interface, network interface)
- Ease of access depends on the target's attack surface
Attack Surface Evaluation
- What is a software product’s attack surface? Where are the control and data entry and exit points?
- How to measure it? Define a baseline and regularly measure and monitor changes.
Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer
- Free tool for highlighting security issues in an application.
- Scans for open files, active apps, and Windows services.
- Compares scans against baselines to highlight potential vulnerabilities.
Password Attacks
- Password cracking techniques launched to crack encoded passwords.
- Password Salting adds randomness to passwords before hashing, making them harder to crack.
- Password Guessing Techniques include using dictionaries, names, addresses, and other personal information.
Password Security Risks
- Default or weak passwords are easily cracked, and often include easily guessed information like "admin".
- John the Ripper is a password cracking tool that supports many hashing algorithms and can crack various types of encrypted data.
- Ophcrack uses rainbow tables to crack passwords.
- THC Hydra is a fast password cracking tool that parallelizes network logins.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in system hacking, including attack surfaces, their evaluation, and tools like Microsoft Attack Surface Analyzer. It also touches on password attacks, such as salting and cracking techniques, providing a comprehensive overview of system vulnerabilities.
