Introduction to Sustainability Module 1
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Questions and Answers

What year were three significant meetings that influenced sustainable development held?

  • 1980
  • 1965
  • 1972 (correct)
  • 1975

    • Which of the following was NOT one of the three watershed meetings in 1972?

  • Club of Rome’s report, The Limits of Growth
  • UNESCO’s Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
  • UN Conference on the Human Environment
  • Convention on Biological Diversity (correct)

    • Who are two early advocates associated with the structure of sustainable development?

  • Jeffrey S. Miller and Robert Riddell (correct)
  • John Doe and Jane Smith
  • Henry Adams and Sarah Johnson
  • Alfred T. Muir and James K. Fields

    • Ecodevelopment is premised on which of the following principles?

    <p>Enlarging individual capacities for meaningful work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document published by the Club of Rome contributed to the discussion on sustainable development?

    <p>The Limits of Growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ecodevelopment aim to enhance in society?

    <p>Fairness and justice in environmental terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the new conservation movement in the 1950s and 1960s?

    <p>The foundations for sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the desire of ecodevelopment?

    <p>Fulfilling desires for meaningful labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key challenges currently faced by the tourism industry?

    <p>Accommodating demand for sustainable products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern regarding the impacts of travel on the environment?

    <p>Airline travel contributes to global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective does sustainable development (SD) take in the context of tourism?

    <p>It balances human needs with ecological views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the phenomenon of travelers being more aware and concerned about their travel impact?

    <p>Responsible tourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question reflects growing ethical concerns in tourism practices?

    <p>How do we travel ethically?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there speculation on the ethics of travel?

    <p>Due to the inequality between the wealthy and poor in travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor affecting sustainable tourism according to consumers?

    <p>The demand for greener products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the tourism industry strive for while pursuing commercial success?

    <p>Taking into consideration the needs of future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of sustainable development as defined in the content?

    <p>To meet the needs of present populations without compromising future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication first coined the term ‘sustainable development’?

    <p>World Conservation Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what does sustainable development require regarding economic growth?

    <p>Economic growth should happen in a socially equitable and ecologically responsible manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was revealed about the definitions of sustainable development by the mid-1990s?

    <p>There were over 300 definitions from various sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scholar is noted for using ‘sustainable economic development’ and ‘sustainability’ interchangeably?

    <p>Barbier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development aim to prevent concerning resources and the environment?

    <p>Resource depletion and environmental degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential to maximizing sustainability across systems according to the additional information provided?

    <p>Adaptive processes of trade-offs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of sustainable development that some scholars mentioned?

    <p>It overlooks the importance of established knowledge domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to all objects inherited from the past, including culture, flora, and institutions?

    <p>Heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics of Sustainable Development refers to the ability to adapt over time?

    <p>Adaptability and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mitchell (1994), which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental themes related to Sustainable Development?

    <p>Achieving economic domination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the interconnectedness between people and environments as emphasized in human ecology?

    <p>Feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is included in the human variables that influence Sustainable Development?

    <p>Cultural diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key attribute of the 'weak' category of sustainability?

    <p>Emphasizing economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the characteristic of 'mosaic stability' allow for within spatial units in Sustainable Development?

    <p>Rapid fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is specifically included in ecological foundation variables that regulate Sustainable Development?

    <p>Freshwater resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 1: Introduction to Sustainability

    • Adrian Jasper Cruz is a candidate for a Doctor of Philosophy in Management from De La Salle Araneta University.
    • He also has an MBA in Total Quality Management from Centro Escolar University.
    • He is a college instructor at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) and Our Lady of Fatima University (OLFU).

    Introduction

    • Popular culture articles and blogs discuss the importance of sustainable tourism.
    • Examples of titles include "Open road, clear conscience" (Bures, 2006) and "The conscientious tourist" (Wagner, 2005).
    • Questions arise about ethical travel, potential harm to environments (coral reefs, ancient ruins), support for corrupt regimes, and the environmental impact of airlines.
    • Consumers demand greener products and services, challenging the tourism industry.
    • The question of balancing sustainability and commercial success is important.

    Sustainable Development (SD)

    • SD is a global force that balances human agency and ecological views.
    • It considers present needs while anticipating future generations' needs.
    • SD is a more rational and functional form of change for tourism and sustainability.
    • Sustainable development is the product of several years of questions about the impact of development on planetary resources and human groups.
    • The new conservation movement of the 1950s and early 1960s is a precursor to modern SD principles and practices.
    • Three watershed meetings, all in 1972, addressed issues of human use and damage to nature.
    • These meetings included the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm (UNEP, 1972). The Club of Rome's report, The Limits of Growth (Meadows et al., 1972). UNESCO Convention Regarding the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Dangi & Jamal, 2016).
    • Ecodevelopment literature, including the works of Jeffrey S. Miller (1976, 1978) and Robert Riddell (1981), influenced the definition of SD.
    • Ecodevelopment prioritizes individual empowerment, community self-sufficiency, fair resource use.
    • The term "sustainable development" was coined in 1980 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
    • The Brandt Report (1980) also stressed the need for development to include "care for the environment".
    • The Our Common Future report (WCED, 1987) led to increased use and acceptance of the term "sustainability".

    Sustainable Development: Origins and Rationale

    • SD is a process focused on harmonizing resource exploitation, investment directions, technological development, and institutional change to meet present and future needs.
    • SD emphasizes satisfying present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987).
    • SD should involve ecologically responsible and socially equitable economic growth.
    • Early definitions of SD varied significantly, with some researchers using "Sustainable Economic Development" (SED) interchangeably with "sustainability" to refer to similar thematic areas.
    • Maxmizing goals across biological, economic, and social systems through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-offs is an important aspect to add to Barbier's stance (1987)
    • Sustainable development requires application across all economic and social activities, including forestry, agriculture, and fisheries.
    • Heritage and human ecology are crucial components to SD.
    • Human ecology focuses on human actions as cultural expressions transforming the natural world.

    Sustainable Development: Origins and Rationale

    • Human ecology, emphasizing equilibrium, balance, homeostasis, and feedbacks within ecological systems, are helpful in understanding interconnectivity between people and environments.
    • It is useful for small systems and cultures that are manageable. 
    • Sustainable development needs to be grounded in existing scientific knowledge fields. 

    Themes, Principles, and Goals of Sustainable Tourism

    • Mitchell (1994) outlined fundamental themes for sustainable tourism.
    • These themes include: satisfying basic human needs, achieving equity and social justice, social self-determination and cultural diversity, maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity, integrating environmental and economic considerations.

    Four Characteristics of Sustainable Development

    • Sustainable Development (SD) occurs over several generations.
    • Systems (ecological and human) are adaptable and change.
    • Foundation variables change slowly; marked by irregular cycles.
    • Mosaicking stability is apparent within spatial units.

    Explanation of 4 Characteristics of SD

    • Slowly changing foundation variables regulating SD involve soil, biological diversity, biological productivity, freshwater, and marine water.

    The Principles of Quebec's SD Act

    • Quebec's Sustainable Development Act emphasizes health and quality of life, social equity and solidarity, and environmental protection as key principles.
    • The act highlights the importance of economic efficiency, citizen participation, access to knowledge, subsidiarity, intergovernmental partnership, prevention of environmental risk, protection of cultural heritage and biodiversity, respect for ecosystem support capacity, and responsible production/consumption practices.

    Weak and Strong Categories of Sustainability

    • Categorizes sustainability positions into various levels of strength based on characteristics such as growth, resources, distribution of costs/benefits, intra/intergenerational equity, and infinite substitutions.

    Responsible Tourism

    • McLaren (2006) gives a detailed definition: generating economic benefits for local people, improving host communities' well-being, enhancing working conditions, involving local people in decisions about their lives and opportunities, and positively contributing to natural and cultural heritage conservation. 

    • Responsible tourism creates more enjoyable experiences for tourists and minimizes negative economic, environmental, and social impacts. 

    • It promotes respect between tourists and hosts, and fosters local pride and confidence.

    Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism

    • Three positions are common when approaching sustainable tourism: polar opposites (mass tourism vs. sustainable tourism), continuum model, movement model, and finally a convergence model.
    • The diagrams in the slides visually illustrate these key concepts and relationships between the two forms of tourism.

    The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

    • The SDGs cover a range of topics such as poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, water, energy, economic growth, and ensuring sustainable consumption/production patterns.

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    Related Documents

    PLM Sustainable Tourism Module 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts and discussions surrounding sustainability, particularly in the context of tourism. It explores ethical travel considerations, environmental impacts, and the importance of balancing sustainability with commercial success. Engage with questions that challenge your understanding of sustainable development principles.

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