Introduction to Special and Inclusive Education

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of inclusive education as outlined in the K to 12 curriculum?

Exclusively for learners with disabilities

Mirrors traditional teaching methods

Focused only on high-achieving students

Learner-centered and developmentally appropriate (correct)

How does inclusive education accommodate learners with disabilities?

With some accommodations and modifications (correct)

Through a general curriculum without adaptations

By providing them with a completely separate curriculum

By removing them from mainstream classrooms

Who primarily oversees the learning of students in an inclusive education setting?

A curriculum coordinator

A special education teacher

A general education teacher (correct)

A shadow teacher only

What is the ideal number of learners in a typical inclusive classroom?

30-35 learners Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of mainstreaming in the context of inclusive education?

To educate students in the least restrictive environment Signup and view all the answers

In special education, how is the curriculum typically structured for learners with disabilities?

Tailored to the specific condition of the learners Signup and view all the answers

Which teaching strategy may be implemented in inclusive education?

Different instructional techniques for varying needs Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing factor of special education compared to inclusive education?

Specialized and intensive instruction for certain learners Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Special Education (SpEd)?

To cater to the educational needs of learners with disabilities, giftedness, and talents. Signup and view all the answers

Which term is preferred when referring to learners with disabilities?

Learners with Disabilities (LWD) Signup and view all the answers

What does Inclusive Education aim to eliminate?

Barriers to participation and achievement. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) play in Special Education?

It coordinates services tailored to each learner's strengths and limitations. Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best represents Inclusive Education?

A process strengthening the education system to accommodate all learners. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a key aspect of Inclusive Education?

It respects and addresses diverse learner needs, abilities, and characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

How do special education programs typically differ from inclusive education?

Special education provides an environment separate from peers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about Special Education?

It is designed exclusively for learners with disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of inclusion in education?

To increase participation and reduce exclusion among all learners. Signup and view all the answers

How does mainstreaming differ from inclusion?

Mainstreaming places students in regular classes based on admission requirements. Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes the term 'equity' in education?

Fairness in education considering individual needs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'accommodation' mean in the context of education for learners with disabilities?

Altering how material is taught without changing the content. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects integration in educational settings?

Regular classrooms may include shadow teachers for support. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population is reported to have a disability?

About 15%. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about the term 'disability'?

It refers only to physical limitations. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the placement of learners in regular classrooms under inclusion?

Placement is influenced by age, irrespective of abilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary perspective of the medical model of disability?

Disability is seen as a personal tragedy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social model of disability emphasize as a solution?

Societal change and awareness. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the essence of the social model of disability?

Disability is a socially constructed phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant document that influenced the social model of disability?

UPIAS manifesto, Fundamental principles of Disability. Signup and view all the answers

According to the medical model, what is viewed as the main goal of intervention?

Finding a cure for the individual's condition. Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior should pre-service teachers avoid towards learners with disabilities?

Exhibiting discriminatory behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How did the medical model of disability emerge historically?

Due to significant advances in medical science. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the medical model define disability?

As a defect or failure of the body. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Special Education

Special Education (SpEd) involves tailored classes for students with disabilities, giftedness, and talents to address diverse educational needs.
Individualized Education Plans (IEP) are created for each learner, detailing specific strengths, limitations, and required services to foster development.
Terminology varies, with terms like Learners with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and Children with Special Needs (CSN); however, "Learners with Disabilities" (LWD) is preferred to uphold rights.

Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education (IE) promotes the right to education by integrating all learners, respecting their unique needs, and combating discrimination.
It strengthens education systems to engage every learner and addresses barriers that hinder participation and achievement.
Highlights of inclusive education include a learner-centered, culturally relevant, and gender-responsive curriculum as per the 2019 DepEd Order 21.

Differences Between Inclusive and Special Education

Inclusive Education places all learners together in mainstream settings, allowing for adaptations to accommodate various needs.
Special Education focuses on segregated classes for learners with specific conditions, using a specialized curriculum aligned with individual abilities.
General educators often oversee inclusive classrooms with support from special education teachers or shadow teachers, contrasting with special educators who focus solely on learners with disabilities or giftedness.

Mainstreaming: Involves educating students with challenges in regular classes to the fullest extent possible, based on their skills.
Integration: Provides physical space (like special and pull-out classrooms) for diverse learners but does not inherently foster the same level of inclusion as mainstreaming.

Equity vs. Equality in Education

Equality is providing the same support to all students, assuming uniform needs; this approach may overlook individual learner differences.
Equity, however, seeks to tailor support based on each learner’s specific situation and needs, ensuring fair access to education.

Strategies for Inclusive Education

Accommodations involve altering how learners access the curriculum, allowing them to meet the same standards as peers.
Modifications change what is taught or expected from students, adjusting learning outcomes to fit individual capabilities.

Disability Overview

Approximately 15% of the global population experiences a disability, with around 100 million facing significant challenges in daily activities.
The concepts of disability and impairment are often conflated, leading to misunderstandings about needs and rights.

Disability Models

Medical Model: Sees disability as a defect residing within the individual, requiring cures or rehabilitation. It focuses on fixing the individual rather than societal change.
Social Model: Views disability as a construct of societal barriers that limit participation; advocates for systemic change rather than individual adjustment.

Promoting Non-discriminatory Practices

Pre-service teachers are encouraged to promote inclusivity by avoiding discriminatory language and behavior towards learners with disabilities.
Sensitivity in language and actions is vital to ensuring that all students feel included and respected in the educational environment.

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Description

This quiz explores the basic concepts of special and inclusive education, focusing on the distinctions and similarities between these two educational approaches. It covers key definitions, teaching strategies, and the significance of addressing diverse learning needs. Ideal for educators in training and those looking to deepen their understanding of inclusive practices.