Introduction to Solution, Value and Volumetric Analysis pH
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In order to express smaller concentrations for acid, neutral and alkaline solutions in a more convenient way, Sorensen in 1909 introduced a new scale which is known as ______ scale.

pH

It is based on the equation. $pH = -log_{10}[H^+]$ pH can thus be defined as below: pH of a solution is the logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration with a negative sign. The concentration of hydrogen ions in pure water is 0.0000001 per litre or [10^-7] pH = -log_{10}[10^-7] pH = 7 We know that water is ______. So, any solution of pH 7 will be ______.

neutral, neutral

It is clear from the scale that total range of pH value is from ______ to ______.

0, 14

Pure water or all neutral solutions have a pH of ______.

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the concentration of H+ ions is greater than that in pure water i.e., it is above 10^-7, the solution is ______ and pH value lesser than 7 up to zero.

<p>acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conversely if the H+ ion concentration is lesser than that in pure water, the solution is ______ and pH is larger number than 7 up to 10.

<p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the pH of 0.1 N HCl Solution. Soln: HCl + H2O H3O + + ClHere, [HCl] = [H3O +] = 0.1 N = 10^-1 N pH = -log_{10}[H3O +] ⸫ pH = -log_{10}[10^-1] ⸫ pH = -(-1) log_{10} (because, log (a)n = n log (a)) ⸫ pH = 1 (because, log_{a} (a) = 1) ______

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the pH of 0.005 N H2SO4 Solution. Soln: H2SO4 + 2H2O 2H3O + Here, [H2SO4] = [0.005] N = 5 x 10^-3 N ⸫ [H3O +] = 2 [H2SO4] = 2 x 5 x 10^-3 N = 10 x 10^-3 N = 10^-2 N pH = -log_{10}[H3O +] ⸫ pH = -log_{10}[10^-2] ⸫ pH = -(-2) log_{10} ⸫ pH = ______

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution?

<p>A homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define pH.

<p>pH is the logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration with a negative sign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture called?

<p>Solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionic product of water and how is it expressed?

<p>The product concentration of H+ and OH- ions present in water. It is expressed as kw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of H+ ions in a solution?

<p>The number of gram ions present in one litre of it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a 0.005 N H2SO4 Solution?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a 0.1 N HCl solution?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a 0.005 N H2SO4 solution?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a 0.1 N KOH solution?

<p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of pH values according to the scale mentioned in the text?

<p>0 to 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pH measure?

<p>Hydrogen ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionic product of water expressed as?

<p>1 x 10^-14 gms ion/litre</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH of 7 indicate for a solution?

<p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution has a pH value greater than 7 up to 14?

<p>Basic/Alkaline solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution has a pH value less than 7 down to 0?

<p>Acidic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

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