Problem Analysis and Solution Alternatives
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the consequences of writing incorrect instructions for the computer?

  • The computer will provide the correct answer.
  • The computer will ignore the incorrect instructions.
  • The computer will execute the instructions in any order.
  • The computer will give an error message or the wrong answer. (correct)

    • What is the process called for finding and correcting an error?

  • Structuring
  • Syntaxing
  • Debugging (correct)
  • Analyzing

    • In terms of computer languages, where do the differences lie?

  • In the color coding used for instructions.
  • In the meaning (semantic) of the instructions.
  • In the speed at which instructions are executed.
  • In the format and setup (Syntax) of the instructions. (correct)

    • Which of the following tools is used to show the overall layout or structure of a solution?

    <p>Structure chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of errors are some bugs a result of?

    <p>Syntax errors and logic errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is used to consolidate data for a problem?

    <p>IPO Chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does UML stand for in the context of programming?

    <p>Unified Modeling Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an IPO chart?

    <p>To designate input, processing, module number, and output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a coupling diagram show the relationship between?

    <p>Modules and data needed for the modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if instructions are not properly sequenced?

    <p>The computer will execute them in the order given, potentially resulting in errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool provides a graphic representation of the algorithms?

    <p>Flowcharts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives listed at the beginning of Chapter Three?

    <p>Understanding internal and external documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as essentially the same in any computer language or application?

    <p>Meaning (semantic) of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A bug must be found and corrected' refers to what process?

    <p>Debugging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT designated by an IPO chart?

    <p>Error Handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Data Dictionary lists all variable names and their definitions' is a statement related to which aspect of organizing a solution?

    <p>Data organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an IPO chart in programming?

    <p>To enable viewing a complex problem in simpler parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for algorithms to be executable one step at a time?

    <p>To prevent skipping steps and ensure completeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do algorithms relate to the structure chart in programming?

    <p>Algorithms are separate instructions for each module in the structure chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is developing smaller, simpler parts of a program preferred over one large, complex program?

    <p>Because it helps in viewing a complex problem in simpler parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the control module in algorithm writing use to signify the end of processing?

    <p>'End'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In programming, what is the purpose of using an interactivity chart?

    <p>To organize information in a problem analysis chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must instructions in algorithms not assume anything?

    <p>To prevent errors and ensure completeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an IPO chart provide more detail on?

    <p>'Input', 'Processing', and 'Output' details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of developing flowcharts from algorithms?

    <p>To create a graphical representation of the algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do flowcharts help in identifying?

    <p>Bugs in logic that may not be immediately apparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of documentation consists of remarks written within the program instructions?

    <p>Internal documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pseudocode similar to, but without numbers?

    <p>Algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which module is responsible for reading input data related to gross pay in a flowchart?

    <p>Gross Pay - Read Module</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do algorithms and flowcharts represent in organizing a solution?

    <p>Final steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be easily tested using a flowchart according to the text?

    <p>A set of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does external documentation consist of according to the text?

    <p>Manuals or help menus about the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four parts of a problem that should be separated when analyzing it according to the text?

    <p>Given data, required results, processing, solution alternatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of problem analysis charts (PAC), how is gross pay calculated for an employee?

    <p>By multiplying hours worked by the rate of pay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula is used in a Problem Analysis Chart (PAC) to find the area of a circle?

    <p>Area = pi * radius * radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Interactivity Chart in problem-solving?

    <p>To divide the processing into subtasks and show interaction between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Control or Main module do in an Interactivity Chart?

    <p>Controls the flow to most of the other modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function that each module in an Interactivity Chart should accomplish?

    <p>Entering data, printing results, or calculating results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Problem Analysis Chart (PAC), what is the first part that needs to be separated to analyze a problem?

    <p>Given data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the problem related to converting distance from miles to kilometers in a Problem Analysis Chart (PAC), what is the conversion factor used?

    <p>1.609 kilometers per mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Problem Analysis

    • A problem can be broken down into simpler parts to program smaller, simpler parts of a program
    • The problem analysis chart (PAC) separates a problem into four parts:
      • Given data
      • Required results
      • Processing required
      • Solution alternatives

    IPO Chart

    • The IPO chart extends and organizes the information in the problem analysis chart
    • It shows the input, processing, and output of a solution
    • It also shows where in the solution the processing takes place

    Interactivity Chart

    • The interactivity chart (structure chart) divides the processing into subtasks called modules
    • Each module contains tasks to accomplish one function, such as entering data, printing results, or calculating results
    • One module controls the flow to most of the other modules, called the Control or Main module

    Writing Algorithms

    • After using the interactivity chart and the IPO chart, the next step is to develop sets of instructions for the computer, called algorithms
    • The algorithms must be executable one step at a time, complete, and cannot assume anything or skip steps
    • The modules are taken from the interactivity chart, and the processing is taken from the IPO chart

    Analyzing the Problem

    • A problem can be analyzed by separating it into four parts, shown in the problem analysis chart (PAC)
    • Examples of problems include calculating gross pay, converting distance from miles to kilometers, and finding the area of a circle

    Communicating with the Computer

    • The computer does not speak English, so a programmer must learn its system of communication or language
    • If the instructions are incorrect, the computer will give an error message, the wrong answer, or no answer at all
    • Syntax refers to the rules governing the computer operating system, language, and application

    Organizing the Solution

    • A programmer organizes the solution by using tools such as:
      • Problem analysis chart
      • Structure chart or interactivity chart
      • IPO chart
      • Algorithms
      • Flowcharts
      • Pseudocode
    • A coupling diagram shows the relationship between the modules and the data needed for the modules
    • The Data Dictionary lists all variable names and their definitions

    Drawing the Flowcharts

    • Flowcharts are graphic representations of the algorithms
    • The algorithms and the flowcharts are the final steps in organizing a solution
    • Using them, the programmer can test the solution for bugs and go on to code the problem into a computer language

    Pseudocode

    • Pseudocode is similar to the algorithm without the numbers and somewhat condensed
    • It is used to represent a language-like solution

    Internal and External Documentation

    • Internal documentation consists of remarks written with the instructions to explain what is being done in the program
    • External documentation is made up of the manuals or help menus written about the solution

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 3 Planning Your Solution-mod.pptx

    Description

    Learn about problem analysis through the Problem Analysis Chart (PAC) which breaks down a problem into given data, required results, processing needed, and solution alternatives. Explore an example calculation of an employee's gross pay using hours worked and rate of pay.

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