Introduction to Software Architecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Software Architecture?

The high-level design of a software system, focusing on its structure rather than code details.

What are the two main types of scalability?

  • Scale Down (Vertical) and Scale Up (Horizontal)
  • Scale Up (Vertical) and Scale Down (Horizontal)
  • Scale Up (Vertical) and Scale Out (Horizontal) (correct)
  • Scale In (Horizontal) and Scale Out (Vertical)

What does 'Modularity' in Software Architecture refer to?

  • The ability of a system to handle heavy loads.
  • Monitoring and improving software performance in real-time.
  • Building a system from independent components that can be changed or replaced without affecting the whole system. (correct)
  • The process of adding new features without modifying existing code.

Non-functional requirements are more important than functional requirements.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a Microservice Architecture?

<p>A single-purpose, separately deployed unit of software that does one thing really, really well. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Software Architect?

<p>A Software Architect designs and implements software systems that are fast, secure, reliable, and maintainable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Architecture Patterns in Software Architecture.

<p>Architecture Patterns are reusable solutions that address common software problems by defining specific building blocks or structural elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of a Layered Architecture style?

<p>Layered Architecture promotes modularity, isolation, and maintainability by separating functionality into distinct layers that interact in a controlled manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural style emphasizes the notion of 'events' as triggers for system actions?

<p>Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Architecture Partitioning?

<p>Architecture Partitioning aims to group functionalities into components using technical or domain-based approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Technical Partitioning organizes components based on their functional roles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural style allows the addition of new functionalities through extensions or plugins without modifying the core system?

<p>Microkernel Architecture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a Distributed Architecture?

<p>Reduced Complexity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monolithic Architectures are known for their high scalability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Software Architecture

The high-level design of a software system, focusing on its structure rather than code details. It involves identifying components, elements, and subsystems, defining their behavior and interfaces.

Software Architect

The individual responsible for creating the software architecture. They must be skilled in various technologies and patterns to ensure the system is efficient, secure, and maintainable.

Understand Functional Requirements

The first step in the software architecture process. This involves understanding the system's goals and defining all the tasks the system should be able to accomplish.

Understand Non-Functional Requirements

These are the requirements that define the system's quality and performance. They are crucial for determining the overall success of the software.

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Map the Components

Identifying and defining the various components, modules, or subsystems that make up the software system, outlining their specific goals, tasks, and functionalities.

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Select the Technological Stack

The process of choosing the best technologies and frameworks for the backend, frontend, data storage, and communication aspects of the system.

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Scalability

The ability of a system to handle increasing workloads, whether it's user count, data volume, or deployed instances.

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Modularity

Building a system from independent components that can be changed or replaced without affecting the whole system. This promotes flexibility and reduces the risks of bugs.

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Extensibility

The ability to add new features or functionalities without modifying existing code. This allows for continuous development and improvement.

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Manageability

The ability to monitor and improve the software's performance in real-time. This ensures the system runs smoothly and efficiently.

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Architectural Style

A reusable solution for structuring software components that addresses common problems. It defines the overall system structure, relying on proven patterns.

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Monolithic Architecture

This style involves a single deployment unit that handles all functionalities. It simplifies development but can be difficult to scale.

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Distributed Architecture

This style involves multiple deployment units, allowing for better scalability and fault tolerance. However, design and maintenance can be more complex.

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Data-Centred (Repository) Architecture Style

A central data store is used to store and access data. Components interact with this store, but are generally unaware of each other's data or states.

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Pipe and Filter Architecture Style

This style connects independent components (filters) with data pipes. Each filter processes the data and passes it to the next one.

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Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture Style

This style divides the software into three components: model, view, and controller. The model handles data and logic, the view presents the user interface, and the controller coordinates interaction between the two.

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Layered Architecture Style

This style organizes components in layers, each with a specific role and responsibility. Communication is typically only allowed between adjacent layers, ensuring isolation.

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Microkernel Architecture Style

This style allows adding new features or functionalities through extensions or plugins without modifying the core. This promotes flexibility and extensibility.

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Event-Driven Architecture (EDA)

A system responds to events asynchronously, by triggering specific processes. Components are decoupled, communicating via events.

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Microservice Architecture Style

This style breaks down software into small, independently deployed units (microservices) which handle specific functionalities, promoting scalability and resilience.

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Technical Partitioning

This partitioning method organizes components according to their technical roles, such as presentation logic, data access, or business logic.

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Domain Partitioning

This partitioning method aligns the software system with the business domain, reflecting the real-world organization and functionalities.

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Scalability

The ability to handle a large number of users, data, or instances without sacrificing performance.

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Fault Tolerance

The ability to continue operating even if parts of the system fail.

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Modularity

The ability to make changes to the system without impacting other parts. This is often achieved through well-defined interfaces and independent components.

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Extensibility

The ability to add new functionalities without changing existing code. This helps maintain stability and allows for continuous updates.

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Manageability

The ability to monitor and manage the system's performance in real-time. This ensures optimal operation and allows for early detection of issues.

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Portability

The ability to adapt to different environments and platforms.

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Security

The ability to protect the system from unauthorized access and data breaches.

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Performance

How quickly and efficiently the system responds to user requests or processes data.

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Cost Efficiency

The balance between the cost of development, maintenance, and the value provided by the software.

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Study Notes

Software Architecture Introduction

  • Software architecture is the high-level design of a software system, focusing on structure, not code details.
  • It involves identifying components, elements, and subsystems, and defining their behavior and interfaces.
  • It bridges requirements to design, creating a high-level structure for the system (e.g., user interface, database, class diagrams).
  • Software architecture is important for facilitating stakeholder and developer communication about implementation.
  • It highlights impactful early design decisions, affecting all subsequent software engineering work.
  • Serves as a blueprint for system structure and interactions between components.
  • A software architect creates fast, secure, reliable, and maintainable systems; selecting optimal technologies and patterns to meet requirements.
  • They must have strong technical skills, a good understanding of specifications, and programming to ensure feasibility without wasting time.

How to Become a Software Architect

  • Start as a software developer.
  • Gain 5+ years of diverse development experience.

Software Architecture Process

  • Understand functional requirements (system goals, list functional use cases).
  • Understand non-functional requirements (more important than functional; focus on features like performance, security, scalability).

Architecture Quality Attributes

  • Quality attributes (ilities) are technical capabilities implementing non-functional requirements.
  • Examples of ilities:
    • Scalability (capacity to handle increased load: number of users, data size, running/deployed instances; scale up/vertical or scale out/horizontal).
    • Modularity (building the system from independent components).
    • Extensibility (add new features without changing existing code using design patterns).
    • Manageability (monitor and improve performance in real-time, self-reporting enables automated management and fault tolerance).

Architecture Styles

  • Monolithic Architectures:

    • Single deployment unit, easier to design, inexpensive, fast deployment.
    • Weak points are scalability (vertical only) and fault tolerance.

  • Distributed Architectures:

    • Multiple deployment units, advantages in scalability, performance, and fault tolerance.
    • Disadvantages are expense, maintenance, and complexity.

  • Technical Partitioning: Components organized based on their technical role.

  • Domain Partitioning: Components grouped based on the business domain.

  • Data-Centred (Repository) Architecture: A central data store (e.g., database) is accessed by components that modify or retrieve data. Components are independent in terms of data.

  • Pipe and Filter Architecture: Components (filters) are connected, each processing data independently and passing it to the next filter.

  • Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture: Composed of model, view, and controller components for data handling, presentation, and coordination.

  • Layered Architecture: Layers in an application communicate to one another. Changes in one layer does nor affect other layers directly.

  • Microkernel Architecture: Easily extensible and flexible to allow new functionality via plugins or extensions without modifying the core system.

  • Event-Driven Architecture (EDA): System responds to events asynchronously, events are actions or changes in state that trigger specific processes.

  • Microservice Architecture: Single-purpose, separately deployed software unit that performs one function extremely well.

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Software Architecture Part 1 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of software architecture, focusing on the high-level design of software systems. Learn about the roles of components, subsystems, and their interactions, as well as the importance of initial design decisions for successful software engineering. Gain insights into the responsibilities of a software architect and the skills required for effective implementation.

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