Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of architectural design in software engineering?
What is the primary focus of architectural design in software engineering?
What is the output of the architectural design process?
What is the output of the architectural design process?
How does architectural design relate to requirements engineering?
How does architectural design relate to requirements engineering?
Which component is NOT typically included in an architectural model?
Which component is NOT typically included in an architectural model?
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What is an architectural pattern in software engineering?
What is an architectural pattern in software engineering?
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During the architectural design process, what should a system specification ideally exclude?
During the architectural design process, what should a system specification ideally exclude?
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What role does the vision component play in the packing robot system?
What role does the vision component play in the packing robot system?
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What is a critical aspect identified during the architectural design process?
What is a critical aspect identified during the architectural design process?
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What is a key characteristic of maintainability in system architecture?
What is a key characteristic of maintainability in system architecture?
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Which architectural view is focused on the organization of software components for development?
Which architectural view is focused on the organization of software components for development?
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Which architectural view helps in assessing non-functional characteristics like performance?
Which architectural view helps in assessing non-functional characteristics like performance?
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What distinguishes an architectural pattern in software engineering?
What distinguishes an architectural pattern in software engineering?
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Which view depicts the hardware of the system along with the distribution of software components?
Which view depicts the hardware of the system along with the distribution of software components?
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Why is it not feasible to represent all information about a system's architecture in a single diagram?
Why is it not feasible to represent all information about a system's architecture in a single diagram?
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Which of the following is not an architectural view discussed?
Which of the following is not an architectural view discussed?
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What information should an architectural pattern include?
What information should an architectural pattern include?
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What is meant by architectural patterns in software design?
What is meant by architectural patterns in software design?
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Which architectural approach is suggested for achieving high performance?
Which architectural approach is suggested for achieving high performance?
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In the context of architectural design, what does a layered structure help with?
In the context of architectural design, what does a layered structure help with?
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What is a key consideration when designing for availability in a software architecture?
What is a key consideration when designing for availability in a software architecture?
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Which requirement should be prioritized if safety is critical in system architecture?
Which requirement should be prioritized if safety is critical in system architecture?
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What should a designer consider when reusing knowledge from application architectures?
What should a designer consider when reusing knowledge from application architectures?
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What does the term 'application product lines' refer to in architectural design?
What does the term 'application product lines' refer to in architectural design?
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When designing for security, what should be emphasized in the architecture?
When designing for security, what should be emphasized in the architecture?
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What is the primary advantage of using the repository model for data sharing?
What is the primary advantage of using the repository model for data sharing?
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In a repository architecture, how are data exchanges managed?
In a repository architecture, how are data exchanges managed?
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Which types of systems commonly utilize a repository architecture?
Which types of systems commonly utilize a repository architecture?
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What defines a client-server architecture?
What defines a client-server architecture?
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What does the Repository pattern primarily describe?
What does the Repository pattern primarily describe?
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Which of the following statements is true about the repository in an IDE?
Which of the following statements is true about the repository in an IDE?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of the client-server architecture?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the client-server architecture?
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What role do servers play in a Client-Server architecture?
What role do servers play in a Client-Server architecture?
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What characterizes client-server systems in distributed architectures?
What characterizes client-server systems in distributed architectures?
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What is a limitation of the pipe and filter architecture?
What is a limitation of the pipe and filter architecture?
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In which scenario is the pipe and filter architecture most effectively utilized?
In which scenario is the pipe and filter architecture most effectively utilized?
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What does the client-server architecture typically enable in a film library system?
What does the client-server architecture typically enable in a film library system?
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Which attribute distinguishes the pipe and filter model from other architectures?
Which attribute distinguishes the pipe and filter model from other architectures?
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Which type of system is least suitable for the pipe and filter architecture?
Which type of system is least suitable for the pipe and filter architecture?
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Why are client-server systems generally considered a type of distributed system?
Why are client-server systems generally considered a type of distributed system?
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What is a characteristic of the batch sequential model in pipe and filter architectures?
What is a characteristic of the batch sequential model in pipe and filter architectures?
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Study Notes
Architectural Design
- Architectural design focuses on organizing and designing the overall structure of a software system.
- It's the first stage of the software design process and acts as the link between design and requirements engineering.
- It identifies the main structural components of a system and their relationships.
- The output of the architectural design process is an architectural model that represents the system's organization as a set of communicating components.
- Architectural design heavily overlaps with requirements engineering.
- Systems within the same application domain often share similar architectures, reflecting the fundamental concepts of the domain.
- Application product lines are built around a core architecture with variations to meet specific customer needs.
Architectural Design Decisions
- Performance: If performance is critical, focus crucial operations in a few components, preferably on the same computer to minimize network communication. Larger components reduce communication needs, and using multiple processors can enhance performance.
- Security: Employ a layered architecture to protect critical assets in the innermost layers with rigorous security validation.
- Safety: Design the architecture to centralize safety-related operations in a single component or a small number of components, simplifying validation and allowing for protective systems to safely shut down the system if needed.
- Availability: Include redundant components to facilitate replacement and updates without system downtime.
- Maintainability: Utilize fine-grained, self-contained components for easy modification. Separate data producers from consumers and avoid shared data structures.
Architectural Views
- Different views are essential to represent all aspects of a system's architecture.
- The four fundamental views are:
- Logical View: Presents key abstractions as objects or object classes, allowing for relating system requirements to these entities.
- Process View: Shows the system's runtime organization as interacting processes, useful for analyzing non-functional characteristics like performance and availability.
- Development View: Depicts the software's breakdown for development, showcasing how it's divided into components assigned to developers or teams.
- Physical View: Illustrates the system hardware and the distribution of software components across processors, relevant for deployment planning.
Architectural Patterns
- Architectural patterns offer tried and tested ways to organize software architectures, promoting reuse and good practices.
- Each pattern describes a system organization previously successful in various systems and environments.
- Information includes when the pattern is suitable, its strengths, and weaknesses.
Repository Architecture
- Sub-systems within a system need to exchange data, which can be done through:
- Centralized data in a database or repository accessible by all sub-systems.
- Each sub-system managing its own database and explicitly transferring data to others.
- When large amounts of data are shared, a repository model is often the most efficient.
- The Repository pattern describes how interacting components can share data.
- Examples of systems that use a repository include command and control systems, management information systems, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems, and interactive development environments.
Client–Server Architecture
- The Client–Server pattern is a runtime organization for distributed systems.
- Key components include:
- Servers: Provide services to other components (e.g., print servers, file servers, compilation servers).
- Clients: Access and utilize the services offered by servers.
- Network: Enables clients to access the services.
Pipe and Filter Architecture
- Functional transformations process inputs to produce outputs, also known as the pipe and filter model.
- This approach is prevalent in batch processing systems.
- Not suitable for interactive systems because of the need for continuous data processing.
- Difficult to implement with complex user interfaces and event-based controls.
Summary
- This lecture provides a comprehensive overview of Architectural Design and its essential concepts, including Architectural patterns, Repository Architecture, Client–Server Architecture, and Pipe and Filter architecture.
- Understanding these concepts is crucial for designing robust, efficient, and maintainable software systems.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of architectural design in software engineering. Understand how it serves as a bridge between design and requirements, identifying key components and their relationships. Learn how decisions in architectural design impact performance and system organization.
