Architectural Design in Software Engineering
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Architectural Design in Software Engineering

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What is the primary focus of architectural design in software engineering?

  • Documenting user requirements
  • Understanding how a software system should be organized (correct)
  • Coding individual features of the system
  • Testing different components of the software

    • What is the output of the architectural design process?

  • An architectural model of the system (correct)
  • A project timeline with milestones
  • A detailed code base for the application
  • A list of user requirements

    • How does architectural design relate to requirements engineering?

  • They are completely separate processes.
  • Architectural design should include all design information.
  • There is a significant overlap between the two processes. (correct)
  • Requirements engineering focuses only on user interfaces.

    • Which component is NOT typically included in an architectural model?

    <p>User interface elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an architectural pattern in software engineering?

    <p>A well-tried way of organizing software architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the architectural design process, what should a system specification ideally exclude?

    <p>Design information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the vision component play in the packing robot system?

    <p>To pick out objects on the conveyor and identify their type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect identified during the architectural design process?

    <p>The main structural components and their relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of maintainability in system architecture?

    <p>Self-contained components should be readily changeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural view is focused on the organization of software components for development?

    <p>Development view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural view helps in assessing non-functional characteristics like performance?

    <p>Process view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an architectural pattern in software engineering?

    <p>It describes a successful system organization from experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view depicts the hardware of the system along with the distribution of software components?

    <p>Physical view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not feasible to represent all information about a system's architecture in a single diagram?

    <p>A diagram can illustrate only one view at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an architectural view discussed?

    <p>Semantic view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should an architectural pattern include?

    <p>Guidance on appropriate uses and its strengths and weaknesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by architectural patterns in software design?

    <p>They indicate a system organization approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural approach is suggested for achieving high performance?

    <p>Consolidating critical operations in fewer components on the same computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of architectural design, what does a layered structure help with?

    <p>Enhancing security by protecting critical assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when designing for availability in a software architecture?

    <p>Including redundant components to allow for seamless updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement should be prioritized if safety is critical in system architecture?

    <p>Co-locating safety-related operations within a few components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a designer consider when reusing knowledge from application architectures?

    <p>The commonalities across systems in the same application domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'application product lines' refer to in architectural design?

    <p>Applications centered around a core architecture with variants for specific requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When designing for security, what should be emphasized in the architecture?

    <p>High security validation for critical asset layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using the repository model for data sharing?

    <p>It enables efficient data sharing among sub-systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a repository architecture, how are data exchanges managed?

    <p>Data is shared through a central database or explicit data passing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of systems commonly utilize a repository architecture?

    <p>Command and control systems and CAD systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a client-server architecture?

    <p>It consists of a set of services offered by servers to clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Repository pattern primarily describe?

    <p>The interactions between components sharing data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the repository in an IDE?

    <p>The repository is passive, leaving control to the components that use it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the client-server architecture?

    <p>A shared database solely for storing data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do servers play in a Client-Server architecture?

    <p>They provide various services to clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes client-server systems in distributed architectures?

    <p>Client programs execute concurrently on different computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the pipe and filter architecture?

    <p>It struggles with complex I/O formats required by graphical user interfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is the pipe and filter architecture most effectively utilized?

    <p>Batch processing systems with limited user interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the client-server architecture typically enable in a film library system?

    <p>Multiple servers manage different types of media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute distinguishes the pipe and filter model from other architectures?

    <p>It processes data inputs and outputs systematically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is least suitable for the pipe and filter architecture?

    <p>Graphical user interface applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are client-server systems generally considered a type of distributed system?

    <p>They connect multiple clients using Internet protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the batch sequential model in pipe and filter architectures?

    <p>It is typically used in data processing systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Architectural Design

    • Architectural design focuses on organizing and designing the overall structure of a software system.
    • It's the first stage of the software design process and acts as the link between design and requirements engineering.
    • It identifies the main structural components of a system and their relationships.
    • The output of the architectural design process is an architectural model that represents the system's organization as a set of communicating components.
    • Architectural design heavily overlaps with requirements engineering.
    • Systems within the same application domain often share similar architectures, reflecting the fundamental concepts of the domain.
    • Application product lines are built around a core architecture with variations to meet specific customer needs.

    Architectural Design Decisions

    • Performance: If performance is critical, focus crucial operations in a few components, preferably on the same computer to minimize network communication. Larger components reduce communication needs, and using multiple processors can enhance performance.
    • Security: Employ a layered architecture to protect critical assets in the innermost layers with rigorous security validation.
    • Safety: Design the architecture to centralize safety-related operations in a single component or a small number of components, simplifying validation and allowing for protective systems to safely shut down the system if needed.
    • Availability: Include redundant components to facilitate replacement and updates without system downtime.
    • Maintainability: Utilize fine-grained, self-contained components for easy modification. Separate data producers from consumers and avoid shared data structures.

    Architectural Views

    • Different views are essential to represent all aspects of a system's architecture.
    • The four fundamental views are:
      • Logical View: Presents key abstractions as objects or object classes, allowing for relating system requirements to these entities.
      • Process View: Shows the system's runtime organization as interacting processes, useful for analyzing non-functional characteristics like performance and availability.
      • Development View: Depicts the software's breakdown for development, showcasing how it's divided into components assigned to developers or teams.
      • Physical View: Illustrates the system hardware and the distribution of software components across processors, relevant for deployment planning.

    Architectural Patterns

    • Architectural patterns offer tried and tested ways to organize software architectures, promoting reuse and good practices.
    • Each pattern describes a system organization previously successful in various systems and environments.
    • Information includes when the pattern is suitable, its strengths, and weaknesses.

    Repository Architecture

    • Sub-systems within a system need to exchange data, which can be done through:
      • Centralized data in a database or repository accessible by all sub-systems.
      • Each sub-system managing its own database and explicitly transferring data to others.
    • When large amounts of data are shared, a repository model is often the most efficient.
    • The Repository pattern describes how interacting components can share data.
    • Examples of systems that use a repository include command and control systems, management information systems, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems, and interactive development environments.

    Client–Server Architecture

    • The Client–Server pattern is a runtime organization for distributed systems.
    • Key components include:
      • Servers: Provide services to other components (e.g., print servers, file servers, compilation servers).
      • Clients: Access and utilize the services offered by servers.
      • Network: Enables clients to access the services.

    Pipe and Filter Architecture

    • Functional transformations process inputs to produce outputs, also known as the pipe and filter model.
    • This approach is prevalent in batch processing systems.
    • Not suitable for interactive systems because of the need for continuous data processing.
    • Difficult to implement with complex user interfaces and event-based controls.

    Summary

    • This lecture provides a comprehensive overview of Architectural Design and its essential concepts, including Architectural patterns, Repository Architecture, Client–Server Architecture, and Pipe and Filter architecture.
    • Understanding these concepts is crucial for designing robust, efficient, and maintainable software systems.

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    Related Documents

    SET212 Software Engineering 2 Lecture 5 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of architectural design in software engineering. Understand how it serves as a bridge between design and requirements, identifying key components and their relationships. Learn how decisions in architectural design impact performance and system organization.

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