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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the Executive branch of government?
Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting the law?
What concept ensures that the three branches of government maintain equality?
What is one possible outcome of resolving social differences in a democratic society?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the Legislative branch?
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How long is the term for the President and Vice President in the Executive branch?
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What does the Judiciary branch determine regarding governmental actions?
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What is critical in a democracy for resolving conflicts and differences?
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What does anthropology primarily study?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a basic social institution?
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What are manifest functions in social institutions?
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Which statement best describes 'identity'?
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Which of the following concepts refers to a person's totality of characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs?
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What role does the family play in socialization?
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Which of the following best describes the study of sociology?
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Which of the following is an example of a latent function of schooling?
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What type of norm encourages positive behavior?
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What is an example of a proscriptive norm?
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Which of the following represents a mores violation?
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How are folkways different from mores?
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What does the act of greeting parents signify in Filipino culture?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a social norm?
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What is one of the primary goals of anthropology?
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In which culture is punctuality highly regarded, especially in the business world?
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Which of the following describes the role of citizen participation in politics?
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What is an unwritten penalty for not adhering to social norms like greeting others?
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What does the term 'cultural universals' refer to?
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Which statement best reflects the nature of society in relation to individual histories?
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What is one of the goals of sociology as discussed?
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What does the phrase 'discover what makes people different' imply in terms of societal study?
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Which aspect of culture serves as a distinguishing factor in societies?
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What does the continuous vigilance of people in politics suggest?
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What is the primary purpose of laws in society?
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Which term describes a specialized language used by members of a subculture?
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What is the difference between ideal culture and real culture?
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What potential consequences can result from violations of laws?
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Which of the following statements is true about the roles of husbands and wives in traditional households?
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How is a utopian society characterized?
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What aspect does law typically provide protection against?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of subcultures?
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Study Notes
Anthropology
- The study of people around the world, their evolutionary history, behavior, and adaptation to various environments.
- Anthropologists analyze and interpret tools and artifacts retrieved from past societies.
Sociology
- The study of social behavior and society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions.
Political Science
- Focuses on systems of governance, political activities, ideas, and behavior.
Personality and Identity
- Identity is the understanding or belief individuals hold about what is meaningful to them, based on factors like gender, sexual orientation, nationality, ethnicity, and social class.
- Personality is the totality of an individual's traits, attitudes, and behaviors.
Social Institutions
- Groups or organizations with specific rules, norms, and expectations that function to meet the social needs of society.
- Manifest functions are explicitly stated roles (e.g., schools providing academic skills).
- Latent functions are unintended outcomes (e.g., schools developing personality and values).
Five Basic Social Institutions
- Family: The most important agent of socialization, teaching about relationships, life, and resource sharing. Provides a foundational value system.
- Education: Transmits knowledge, skills, and values. Helps shape individuals' cognitive abilities and worldviews.
- Religion: Provides a belief system, ethical framework, and sense of community.
- Economy: Produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services. Shapes social relationships and power structures.
- Government: Maintains order, enforces laws, and provides public services. Ensures the collective well-being of society.
Three Branches of Government (Philippines)
- Executive Branch: Composed of the President and Vice President elected by popular vote. Focuses on implementing laws and policies.
- Judiciary Branch: Holds the power to settle disputes, interpret laws, and ensure justice. Includes the Supreme Court and lower courts.
- Legislative Branch: Makes, amends, and repeals laws. Composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Four Points of Interest in Politics
- Collective Activity: People participate in the practice of power through various avenues like elections, activism, and civic engagement.
- Diversity of Viewpoints: Societal decision-making involves diverse perspectives and opinions.
- Reconciliation of Differences: Negotiations, debates, and compromises are crucial for reaching consensus and resolving conflicts.
- Authoritative Policy: Once differences are resolved, policies are established to provide guidelines and direction.
Goals of Anthropology
- Discover Commonalities: Seek to understand shared human traits and experiences across cultures.
- Generate New Knowledge: Develop new theories and insights about human behavior and apply them to real-world situations.
- Highlight Differences: Examine the ways in which cultures diverge and how these differences shape human experiences.
- Objective Cultural Analysis: View one's own culture from an outsider's perspective for greater understanding and awareness.
Goals of Sociology
- Develop Theories: Formulate theoretical frameworks about society and its various aspects.
- Examine Human Nature: Critically analyze human nature and our roles within society.
- Interdependence of Social Phenomena: Recognize that elements of society are interconnected and mutually influence one another.
Norms
- Socially enforced rules or expectations influencing behavior.
- Prescriptive norms encourage positive behavior (e.g., honesty).
- Proscriptive norms discourage negative behavior (e.g., cheating).
Examples of Filipino Norms
- Respect for Elders: Addressing older individuals with respectful terms like "Lolo," "Lola," "Ate," "Kuya," "Mam," "Sir."
- Hospitality: Taking off shoes when entering someone's home.
Types of Social Norms
- Folkways: Customary or repetitive ways of doing things.
- Mores: Strict norms that govern moral and ethical behavior. Violation results in severe consequences.
- Laws: Formalized and established norms with enforced penalties (e.g., imprisonment) for violations. They protect individuals and ensure societal stability.
Elements of Culture & Cultural Variation
- Ideal Culture: What is expected from members of a society; the general description of "what must be."
- Real Culture: What actually occurs in everyday life.
- Utopian Society: A society that is described as ideal, with a perfect or near-perfect social system.
- Subculture: A group within a larger society that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors. May develop its own unique language or argot.
Cultural Universals
- Common elements that are found in all cultures, for example, eating together, celebrating holidays, and religious practices.
Cultural Variation
- The differences between cultures, including language, religion, food, and custom.
Marriage and Family Roles (Changing Cultural Pattern)
- Traditional: Husbands/fathers are breadwinners, wives/mothers stay at home to care for the family.
- Modern/Contemporary: Women are well-educated, share household expenses, and couples may divorce or annul marriages.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in anthropology, sociology, political science, personality, identity, and social institutions. It covers the study of human behavior, social norms, and governance systems, providing a comprehensive overview of social sciences. Test your knowledge and understanding of these foundational topics.
