Introduction to Social Research Statistics
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Questions and Answers

What is a common practice when recording age?

  • Using decimal points
  • Using only fractions
  • Dividing into categories (correct)
  • Measuring in milliseconds

    • Body weight can only be measured in whole pounds.

    False

    What type of variable is age classified as?

    continuous variable

    The U.S. Bureau of the Census conducts a complete enumeration of the U.S. __________.

    <p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of measurement with their description:

    <p>Nominal = Categorical data without a specific order Ordinal = Categorical data with a defined order Interval = Numerical data with meaningful intervals between values Ratio = Numerical data with an absolute zero point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the 2009 study related to children's cereal boxes?

    <p>Gender images on product packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Male characters outnumber female characters on cereal boxes by more than three to one.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted a study on gender images on cereal boxes in 2009?

    <p>Black, Marola, Littman, Chrisler, and Neace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In participant observation, a researcher may participate in a role either __________ or covertly.

    <p>openly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Participant Observation = Research method where the researcher engages and observes Content Analysis = Systematic examination of media content for patterns Surveys = Collection of data through questionnaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area did Janese Free focus on in her participant observation study?

    <p>Impact of alternative schooling on at-risk youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The results of the cereal box study showed that female characters were often depicted as authority figures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hours did Janese Free spend in the alternative school?

    <p>750 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statistical methods is NOT mentioned as a new technique in the latest edition?

    <p>T-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary objective of the book is to be a comprehensive reference work on statistical methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the section entitled 'Looking at the Larger Picture'?

    <p>To provide an overview of the entire research process based on hypothetical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This book includes updated examples and exercises based on a subset of the 2010 General Social Survey (GSS) available for ______.

    <p>download</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the chapters with the topics they cover:

    <p>Chapter 1 = Meta-analysis Chapter 4 = Coefficient of variation Chapter 7 = One sample test of means and effect size Chapter 12 = Elaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter discusses logistic regression?

    <p>Chapter 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The supplementary computer exercises can only be taught by instructors who use computer software.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the book attempted to improve based on instructor and student feedback?

    <p>Refinements and improvements in statistical methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributor to the book’s development?

    <p>John Doe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From Table 1.8, how many males have tried marijuana?

    <p>35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The authors express gratitude towards personal computers for their assistance in writing the book.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 2010 General Social Survey relate to?

    <p>The survey is related to social research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Table 1.9, a total of 30 males have tried marijuana.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical method is mentioned as a way to determine if the difference in marijuana use between genders is significant?

    <p>chi-square</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Everyday predictions may result in winning or losing, such as investing in the stock market, voting for a political candidate, or trying to anticipate questions on a ___ .

    <p>midterm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Table 1.8, the number of females who have not tried marijuana is _______.

    <p>85</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the actions with their potential outcomes:

    <p>Investing in the stock market = May result in a sound investment Voting for a political candidate = May lead to an unpleasant consequence Taking medication for a cold = May lead to the wrong treatment Anticipating questions on a midterm = May result in doing well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of statistics in social research?

    <p>To assist in understanding data trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the number of respondents who have tried marijuana with their gender:

    <p>Males (Table 1.8) = 35 Females (Table 1.8) = 15 Males (Table 1.9) = 30 Females (Table 1.9) = 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the result that 35 out of 100 males have tried marijuana?

    <p>This result is statistically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outcome of a blind date is always predictable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to gain a true sense of a person's nature?

    <p>Sufficient exposure to the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Chris Prener and Chris Hovey in relation to the book?

    <p>They assisted in updating and improving problem sets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The finding of 26 males and 24 females who have tried marijuana can be confidently stated as a population difference.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chances out of 100 are there that the finding of Table 1.8 may be wrong?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A large sample size increases the reliability of generalizing to the population.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average grade of the entire class of 80 students?

    <p>60.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phenomenon of differing sample means from the population mean is called __________.

    <p>sampling error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Population = The entire group being studied Sample = A subset of the population Generalization = Drawing conclusions about the population based on the sample Hypothesis = A testable statement about a relationship between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis based on the text?

    <p>Male college students are more likely than female college students to have tried marijuana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Error from sampling can be completely eliminated with proper methodology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find the average grade from a sample of grades, you need to add the scores and divide by __________.

    <p>the total number of grades in the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Social Research Statistics

    • Book purpose: Understandable for students with varied math backgrounds, not a comprehensive statistical reference.
    • Revisions: Added new techniques (meta-analysis, coefficient of variation, one-sample test, Mann-Whitney U/Kruskal-Wallis, logistic regression, elaboration) and expanded existing topics (non-sampling error, standard error, partial correlation, multicollinearity).
    • Updated examples and exercises included, computer exercises use 2010 General Social Survey (downloadable).

    Research Processes and Methods

    • Everyday predictions: People frequently make predictions and assess outcomes, sometimes successfully, and sometimes not (investments, voting, medicine, etc.).
    • Limited media representation: Studies of children's media show underrepresentation of female characters and adherence to stereotypes.
    • Participant observation: Researchers actively participate in the lives of people being studied (openly or covertly) to observe interactions and gather data. Example study: exploring the influence of alternative schools on at-risk youth.
    • Continuous vs. Categorical Variables: Variables like weight and age are continuous (can take on any value), but are often measured and recorded in categories for convenience.

    Statistical Functions in Research

    • Data Description: Researchers study large amounts of data to describe findings. Example: Census data collection summaries, or sample analysis.
    • Hypothesis Testing & Sample Generalization: Statistics help determine whether findings from samples can be applied to larger populations. Example: testing if male college students are more likely than female college students to have tried marijuana.
    • Sampling Error: Errors are inevitable in sampling, even with careful planning and execution. Sample averages will generally differ from the population average. Demonstrations/examples provide a guide to understand the implications.
    • Statistical Significance: Testing helps determine the likelihood that a sample difference is purely due to chance (sampling error) versus a true difference within the broader population. Example provided of assessing whether the difference in marijuana use between males and females is real or a sampling error.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential statistics concepts relevant to social research, including new techniques like logistic regression and meta-analysis. Designed for students with varying math skills, it includes practical exercises based on the General Social Survey. Test your understanding of the statistical tools and methods used in social research.

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