Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the content, what is a primary focus of personality psychology?
According to the content, what is a primary focus of personality psychology?
- Analyzing social behavior in groups and organizations.
- Examining how social situations influence behavior.
- Understanding psychological processes people have in common.
- Identifying aspects that make individuals unique and different. (correct)
The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.
The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.
False (B)
What are the three basic human motives described?
What are the three basic human motives described?
The need to be accurate, the need to feel good about ourselves, and the need to belong.
The need to maintain ______ can sometimes explain why people do seemingly odd or surprising things.
The need to maintain ______ can sometimes explain why people do seemingly odd or surprising things.
Match the following:
Match the following:
According to Baumeister & Leary (1995), which of the following is NOT a criterion for considering a motive or need as fundamental?
According to Baumeister & Leary (1995), which of the following is NOT a criterion for considering a motive or need as fundamental?
According to the content, a primary reason people fail to accurately perceive the world is a deliberate intention to distort reality.
According to the content, a primary reason people fail to accurately perceive the world is a deliberate intention to distort reality.
Which of the following motives has the LEAST impact on our construal and memory of social events?
Which of the following motives has the LEAST impact on our construal and memory of social events?
According to Allport's definition, what is the primary focus of social psychology?
According to Allport's definition, what is the primary focus of social psychology?
Construals are schemas, and schemas are always construals.
Construals are schemas, and schemas are always construals.
Give an example of a social problem that social psychology can help solve.
Give an example of a social problem that social psychology can help solve.
The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world is known as ______.
The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world is known as ______.
Match the following perspectives with their focus:
Match the following perspectives with their focus:
What is a key limitation of relying solely on folk wisdom to understand social behavior?
What is a key limitation of relying solely on folk wisdom to understand social behavior?
Social psychologists prioritize understanding objective reality over individuals' interpretations of their social environment.
Social psychologists prioritize understanding objective reality over individuals' interpretations of their social environment.
Insanely Difficult: Consider two individuals facing the same stressful event. Individual A construes the event as a challenge, while Individual B construes it as a threat. According to the principles of social psychology, which of the following is most likely to occur?
Insanely Difficult: Consider two individuals facing the same stressful event. Individual A construes the event as a challenge, while Individual B construes it as a threat. According to the principles of social psychology, which of the following is most likely to occur?
Which of the following is an example of a fundamental motive that drives human behavior?
Which of the following is an example of a fundamental motive that drives human behavior?
Correlation coefficients indicate the causal relationship between two variables.
Correlation coefficients indicate the causal relationship between two variables.
What is the primary goal of the experimental method in social psychology?
What is the primary goal of the experimental method in social psychology?
__________ validity reflects the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships are warranted in a study.
__________ validity reflects the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships are warranted in a study.
Match the correlation coefficient value with its corresponding strength of association:
Match the correlation coefficient value with its corresponding strength of association:
In the context of understanding correlations, a negative correlation indicates that as values on Variable A increase, values on Variable B:
In the context of understanding correlations, a negative correlation indicates that as values on Variable A increase, values on Variable B:
What is interrater reliability, and why is it important in observational studies?
What is interrater reliability, and why is it important in observational studies?
Randomly assigning participants to experimental conditions primarily helps to control for environmental variables, ensuring that all participants experience the same setting.
Randomly assigning participants to experimental conditions primarily helps to control for environmental variables, ensuring that all participants experience the same setting.
Explain how conflicting motives can create interesting scenarios in social psychology.
Explain how conflicting motives can create interesting scenarios in social psychology.
Imagine a study finds a strong positive correlation (r = .75) between hours spent studying and exam scores. However, students who hire tutors tend to study more and also score higher on exams. What potential issue does this raise regarding the interpretation of the correlation?
Imagine a study finds a strong positive correlation (r = .75) between hours spent studying and exam scores. However, students who hire tutors tend to study more and also score higher on exams. What potential issue does this raise regarding the interpretation of the correlation?
Flashcards
Social Psychology
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
Construal
Construal
The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.
Empiricism in Social Psychology
Empiricism in Social Psychology
Social psychology uses empirical methods and real-world observations to validate theories.
Importance of Construals
Importance of Construals
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Difference: Social Psychology vs. Sociology
Difference: Social Psychology vs. Sociology
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Folk Wisdom
Folk Wisdom
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Bias in Decision Making
Bias in Decision Making
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Coping with Stress
Coping with Stress
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Basic Human Motives
Basic Human Motives
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Conflicting Motives
Conflicting Motives
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Interrater Reliability
Interrater Reliability
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Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Coefficient
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Strength of Correlation
Strength of Correlation
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Direction of Correlation
Direction of Correlation
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Surveys and Questionnaires
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Experimental Method
Experimental Method
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Internal Validity
Internal Validity
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Personality Psychology
Personality Psychology
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Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
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Need for Accuracy
Need for Accuracy
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Need for Self-Esteem
Need for Self-Esteem
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Need to Belong
Need to Belong
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Affective Qualities
Affective Qualities
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Behavioral Influence of Needs
Behavioral Influence of Needs
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Study Notes
What is Social Psychology?
- The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others, either present or imagined.
- Includes how people think about, feel about, and relate to each other.
Why Study Social Psychology?
- People are fascinating subjects to study.
- Understanding the self and others is critical.
- Social problems are important, and social psychology can help solve them (e.g., environmental, health, and political issues).
Folk Wisdom vs. Social Psychology
- Folk wisdom is based on anecdotal experience or reasoning.
- It's often flawed because explanations are speculative and contradictory.
- Social psychology uses empirical methods and real-world observations to evaluate its theories.
Social Psychology vs. Sociology
- Both study social behavior but differ in level of analysis.
- Sociology focuses on groups within a society.
- Social psychology focuses on the individual within the social environment.
Social Psychology vs. Personality Psychology
- Both study behavior, but personality psychology focuses more on individual traits that differentiate people and social psychology addresses common psychological processes people share.
- Social psychology looks at the role of the social situation while personality psychology looks at internal factors.
Basic Human Motives
- People are motivated by the need for accuracy (to understand the world around them), to feel good about themselves (maintain self-esteem), and to belong (form relationships).
- These basic motives drive our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Methodology in Social Psychology
- Basic vs. Applied Research: Basic research improves theories and understanding; applied research tackles real-world problems.
- Science as an iterative process: Theories are developed and tested through hypotheses. Data either supports or challenges the theory.
- Research methods:
- Observational: Observing others (often in natural settings), but cause-and-effect cannot be determined.
- Correlational: Examining relationships between variables, looking for associations but not cause and effect.
- Experimental: Manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect, but may not be realistic or representative of the real world.
- Study Validity:
- Internal validity: The extent to which the study results can be attributed to the effect of the manipulation.
- External validity: The extent to which the study results can be generalized to other populations or situations.
Other Key Concepts
- Construal: How people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world.
- Fundamental Attribution Error: Overestimating the role of personal factors and overlooking situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
- Investment Model: Explains relationship commitment through investments, quality of alternatives, and commitment levels.
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Description
An overview of social psychology, including its definition as the scientific study of how individuals are influenced by others. It highlights the importance of studying social psychology for understanding ourselves, others and solving social problems. It also differentiates it from folk wisdom and sociology.
