Introduction to Social Psychology Concepts
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Introduction to Social Psychology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of social psychology?

  • The influence of thoughts, feelings, and behavior by other people (correct)
  • The biological evolution of social structures
  • The genetic basis of behavior
  • The scientific study of interpersonal dynamics

    • What does the mechanism level of explanation address?

  • The cultural impact on behavior development
  • The long-term evolutionary history of behavior
  • The immediate causal processes behind behavior (correct)
  • The survival advantages of certain behaviors

    • Which question pertains to the ontogeny level of explanation?

  • What is the evolutionary significance of this behavior?
  • How does this behavior develop over an individual's lifetime? (correct)
  • When did this behavior first appear in the species?
  • What physiological changes occur with this behavior?

    • Which of the following best describes the function level of explanation?

    <p>It addresses why certain behaviors evolved in the species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phylogeny addresses which of the following questions?

    <p>What is the evolutionary history of this behavior?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples best illustrates the mechanism level of explanation?

    <p>A neuron firing increases the craving for meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would one describe the connection between ontogeny and personal development?

    <p>It focuses on the development of behavior through life experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of factors would phylogenetic analysis typically examine?

    <p>Cross-species behavioral comparisons over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sociocultural perspective primarily focus on regarding behavior?

    <p>Group-level factors such as culture and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a core principle of the evolutionary perspective?

    <p>Behavior is influenced by natural selection and survival instincts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the social learning perspective explain behavior?

    <p>It views behavior as a product of past experiences of reward and punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of the social cognitive perspective?

    <p>The process of attention, interpretation, judgment, and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one method used in the study regarding cannabis use and helminth infection?

    <p>Self- and peer-reported cannabis use combined with urinary tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the research on cannabis use and helminth infection?

    <p>Cannabis use and helminth infection were found to have a significant negative relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes norms and rules about appropriate behavior?

    <p>Sociocultural perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the social cognitive perspective differ from the social learning perspective?

    <p>Social cognitive is based on subjective interpretations, whereas social learning emphasizes observable behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introducing Social Psychology

    • Social Psychology studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people.
    • It describes and explains human social cognition and behavior.
    • It tries to answer both “What” and “Why” questions.

    Levels of Explanation

    • Niko Tinbergen formulated four questions to answer "Why" regarding human behavior.
    • These levels are: Mechanism, Ontogeny, Function, and Phylogeny.

    Mechanism

    • Explains the immediate causal processes that make a behavior happen.
    • Includes psychological and physiological explanations.

    Ontogeny

    • Explains how a behavior develops over an individual's lifetime.
    • Can be explained psychologically and physiologically.

    Function

    • Explains why a behavior evolved, or what function it serves.
    • For example, eating meat evolved to help humans survive and reproduce by providing vital proteins.

    Phylogeny

    • Explains the evolutionary history of a behavior.
    • Addresses when it originated and how it spread.
    • Often involves cross-species comparisons.

    Four Perspectives

    • Perspectives from a textbook called "KNCK" are: Sociocultural, Evolutionary, Social learning and Social cognitive.

    Sociocultural

    • This perspective locates causes of social cognition and behavior in group-level factors.
    • These factors include culture, nationality, social class, and religion.
    • Individuals learn local norms, which are rules about appropriate behavior.

    Example of Sociocultural Perspective

    • The physical environment can affect the social environment.
    • In areas with helminths, people may develop practices to guard against them.
    • Cannabis contains anthelminthic compounds.
    • Aka hunter-gatherers in the Central African Republic have high cannabis use.
    • Research (Roulette et al., 2016) indicates a significant negative relationship between cannabis use and helminth infection.

    Evolutionary

    • This perspective locates causes of social cognition and behavior in predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.
    • It emphasizes natural selection.

    Social Learning

    • This perspective locates causes of social cognition and behavior in the individual's past experiences of reward and punishment.
    • It focuses on learning through direct and indirect experiences.

    Social Cognitive

    • This perspective locates causes of social cognition and behavior in people's subjective interpretations of the social world.
    • It emphasizes attention, interpretation, judgment, and memory.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of Social Psychology, including how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by social interactions. This quiz covers the levels of explanation as proposed by Niko Tinbergen, such as mechanism, ontogeny, function, and phylogeny, all crucial for understanding human behavior.

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