Introduction to Sleep Regulation and ipRGCs

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What role do REM neurons play in promoting REM sleep?

Producing atonia seen in dreaming sleep

Contributing to EEG desynchronization (correct)

Exciting Action neurons

Inhibiting Arousal neurons

How do REM neurons interact with Action neurons?

REM neurons inhibit Action neurons (correct)

They excite each other

They have no interaction

They both promote atonia in dreaming sleep

Which condition is characterized by an urge to sleep during the day?

Cataplexy

Insomnia

Narcolepsy (correct)

Sleep paralysis

What symptom is associated with cataplexy in narcolepsy?

Loss of muscle control during waking hours Signup and view all the answers

What may be a cause of sleep disorders like insomnia according to the text?

Gross underestimation of the amount of sleep actually obtained Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is associated with REM sleep behavior disorder?

Inhibition of normal paralysis during sleep Signup and view all the answers

What type of retinal cells are responsible for conveying irradiance information centrally via the optic nerve?

ipRGCs Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for releasing melatonin in response to light information from the ipRGCs?

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the decrease in melatonin secretion as age increases?

Melanopsin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of brain waves are characteristic of being awake?

High amplitude, high frequency, irregular Signup and view all the answers

In what order do the waves signaling the beginning of a dream episode travel through the brain?

LGN of thalamus → Pons → Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What area of the brain is responsible for differentiating between activating and sleep states?

Pons Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is associated with the basal forebrain?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What effect does electrical stimulation of the basal forebrain produce?

Wakefulness Signup and view all the answers

Which area, when turned off, synchronizes the EEG?

Basal forebrain Signup and view all the answers

During which sleep stage do orexin/hypocretin cell bodies in the lateral hypothalamus have low activity?

Slow wave sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus during sleep?

Inhibit movement during sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons actively promote NREM sleep and inhibit Action and Arousal neurons?

NREM neurons Signup and view all the answers