71 Questions
What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?
Pull bones for movement
Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
Striated appearance under the microscope
Why do you need antagonistic muscle pairs for certain movements?
To perform opposite actions effectively
What is the role of tendons in skeletal muscle structure?
Attach muscle to bone
Why is skeletal muscle considered voluntary?
It can be consciously controlled by the individual
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating voluntary control of skeletal muscle?
Primary motor cortex
What neurotransmitter is used by lower somatic motor neurons to communicate with skeletal muscle cells?
Acetylcholine
Which brain structure influences learned reflexes and reflexive movements in skeletal muscle regulation?
Cerebellum
Involuntary regulation of skeletal muscle can involve which type of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Which structure is important for inhibitory responses in skeletal muscle regulation?
Basal nuclei
What type of reflex involves sensory neurons responding to muscle spindle apparatus stretching?
Stretch reflex
Which group of neurons decussate in the medulla oblongata to control the opposite side of the body when regulating voluntary movement?
Upper motor neurons
Skeletal muscle can be regulated by both lower and upper somatic motor neurons.
False
Reflexes such as stretch reflexes always involve voluntary muscle contractions.
False
The cerebellum plays a role in controlling innate involuntary reflexes like the knee-jerk reflex.
True
The basal nuclei are primarily responsible for activating skeletal muscle responses.
False
Voluntary control of skeletal muscle is independent of sensory input from the peripheral nervous system.
False
Involuntary regulation of skeletal muscle never involves sensory neurons.
False
Axons from lower somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine to communicate with skeletal muscle cells.
True
What is the role of the T tubules in muscle cells?
Carry action potentials deep into the cell
What is the function of regulatory proteins like tropomyosin and troponin in muscle contraction?
Regulate the binding of myosin to actin in response to calcium binding
What is the significance of sarcomeres in muscle function?
They are the sites where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other
Why do muscle fibers contain multiple nuclei?
Due to fusion of separate cells during development
What is the primary function of the sarcolemma in muscle cells?
Facilitate communication with motor neurons
How do actin and myosin filaments contribute to muscle contraction?
They slide past each other without shortening
Which structure is specialized for storing calcium in muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle fibers are composed of bundles of myofibrils, which are responsible for muscle contraction.
False
The sarcolemma of a muscle cell contains structures like the motor end plate for communication with smooth muscle cells.
False
The fusion of separate cells during development results in muscle fibers having a single nucleus each.
False
The sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other during muscle contraction leads to the lengthening of sarcomeres.
False
Tropomyosin and troponin are regulatory proteins in muscle contraction that respond to sodium binding.
False
Sarcomeres, the smallest units of contraction, are not crucial for muscle function.
False
The sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is specialized for storing potassium instead of calcium.
False
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in muscle contraction?
Breaking down acetylcholine to allow relaxation by terminating stimulation
What is the primary function of calcium in muscle contraction?
Shifting tropomyosin to expose the actin binding site for myosin
Which process requires the breakdown of ATP during muscle contraction?
Formation of the cross bridge between myosin and actin
What causes depolarization of the sarcolemma during excitation-contraction coupling?
Traveling of action potential down the T-tubules
Which protein is responsible for shifting tropomyosin to allow myosin binding with actin?
Troponin
What is the significance of T-tubules in muscle contraction?
Allowing action potentials to reach deep into the muscle fibers
Why is ATP considered crucial for muscle contraction and relaxation processes?
To power myosin movement, break cross bridges, and pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle contraction strength can be influenced by muscle fiber thickness, initial muscle fiber length, and the number of motor units activated.
True
Muscle contraction strength is solely determined by the weight being lifted during graded contractions.
False
Recruitment involves activating fewer and smaller motor units to achieve a stronger muscle contraction.
False
Resistance training can increase muscle fiber strength by producing more myosin and actin filaments within muscle fibers.
True
The length-tension relationship in muscle fibers refers to the ideal resting length with minimal overlap between actin and myosin for maximum strength.
False
Antagonistic muscle contractions occur when a heavy object causes a muscle to shorten.
False
What is the primary factor influencing muscle contraction strength?
Number of motor units activated
What is the role of recruitment in muscle contractions?
Activating more and larger motor units
Which component of resistance training increases muscle fiber strength?
Producing more actin filaments
What does the length-tension relationship in muscle fibers refer to?
Optimal resting length for maximal contraction strength
How do motor units influence muscle strength?
By activating more and larger units when needed
What is a key characteristic of fast glycolytic muscle fibers?
Reliance on anaerobic respiration
Which type of athletes would benefit the most from fast glycolytic muscle fibers?
Sprinters
What is the primary outcome of endurance activities on muscle tissue?
More mitochondria in muscles
Why does atrophy occur in muscles?
Lack of exercise
How does resistance training primarily affect muscle size?
Through muscle hypertrophy
Which factor leads to an increase in blood vessels in muscles?
Endurance activities
What role do satellite cells play in muscle repair and regeneration?
Dividing rapidly to form new muscle fibers
Slow oxidative fibers contain fewer mitochondria compared to fast glycolytic fibers.
False
Endurance athletes like weightlifters benefit more from fast glycolytic fibers.
False
Resistance training leads to more muscle hypertrophy than endurance activities.
True
Muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
False
Exercising can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes.
False
Healthy muscle fibers can divide to repair muscle damage.
False
Atrophy can occur due to consistent physical activity throughout life.
False
Endurance activities primarily strengthen skeletal muscle by increasing muscle size.
False
In which type of muscle are cells interconnected by gap junctions for coordination?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle has built-in tone and pacesetter cells?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle requires external stimulation from somatic motor neurons?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle is found in hollow internal organs?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle is characterized by being both striated and involuntary?
Cardiac muscle
Explore the characteristics of skeletal muscle in this introductory quiz. Learn about its attachment to bone, voluntary nature, striated appearance, and cell structure. Test your knowledge on how skeletal muscle contraction causes movement.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free