31 Questions
What theory resolved the anomaly of the earth being flat?
Globular earth theory
What theory debunked classical Newtonian physics by showing that waves can act as both particles and waves?
Wave-particle theory or quantum mechanics
What concept of quantum mechanics states that quantum entities exhibit particle or wave properties depending on the circumstances?
Wave-particle theory
What phase of the Kuhnian cycle involves scientists questioning if they need a new set of rules?
Model Crisis
Which model in the Kuhnian cycle describes the phase where an anomaly causes the existing paradigm to be thrown into crisis?
Social Control Model
What modern democratic systems in history were influenced by the idea of personal freedom from suffering and injustice?
American democracy in 1776 and French democracy in 1789
What is the meaning of science and technology?
The science, technology and society (STS), also known as 'science and technology studies', is the study of social, political and cultural values around science research and technological innovation.
What are eco-friendly technologies?
Eco-friendly technologies are sustainable technologies that utilize resources from the environment without causing negative effects to it.
Define science.
Science is a systematized body of knowledge, an organized and dynamic inquiry following the scientific method, and knowledge gained through observation and experimentation.
How does science influence society and culture?
Science and technology have a significant impact on society and culture by shaping social, political, and economic contexts.
What is the focus of science, technology, and society studies?
The focus of science, technology, and society studies is on the relationship between science, technology, and society, with an emphasis on the social aspects of science and technology.
Why is it important to study the history and philosophy of science?
Studying the history and philosophy of science provides insights into the development of scientific knowledge, the impact of past discoveries on society, and the ethical considerations in scientific research.
What was the predecessor of the internet, built by the Defense Department’s of Advance Research Project Agency?
ARPANET
What type of transmission did ARPANET use?
Packet switching
What event in 1945 led to the invention of nuclear weapons and caused deaths of many people?
Nuclear bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
What environmental threat is posed by toxic wastes produced by manufacturing companies?
Threat to human survival and stability of the environment
What is a result of the exploitation of advanced scientific knowledge and technological devices according to the text?
Ethical dilemmas
What negative effects of technology are mentioned in the text related to environmental degradation?
Forests being chopped down, rivers being polluted, waste being dumped in oceans
What disparity in human well-being is highlighted in the text?
Disparities between advanced countries and less developed countries
What technological invention was a great help for navigators during the Age of Exploration?
Telescope
What armor was invented to solve the problem of heavy iron armors limiting soldiers' movement?
Chainmail
What was the name of the plague that wiped out a significant percentage of the European population in the 14th century?
Black Death
Which military technology was known for its disciplined archery and massed attacks?
Longbow
What technique was introduced by the Republic of Ragusa to prevent the spread of disease?
Quarantine
What type of bow technology was popular during the Age of Exploration, known for its steel material and accuracy?
Steel crossbow
What is the Kuhn Cycle of Scientific Revolution characterized by?
Critical scientists always try to prove their discoveries wrong.
What is an 'Anomaly' in the context of the Kuhn Cycle?
Anomaly is something that deviates from what is expected, standard, or normal.
Describe Aristotle's model of the universe.
Aristotle believed in a geocentric model with the universe being limited in space but eternal in time, composed of elements like air, fire, earth, and water.
What is the aim of Normal Science in the Kuhn Cycle?
The goal of Normal Science is to solve problems by creating rules, principles, and methods.
What happens during the Pre-Science phase in the Kuhnian Cycle?
Scientists do different and seemingly impossible things to work together.
In the Kuhnian Cycle, what occurs during the phase of 'Dominance of theory'?
This is the phase where scientific discoveries are established, and theories prevail.
Study Notes
The Evolution of Science and Technology
- The flat earth anomaly was resolved by the new theory that the earth is globular, leading to the discovery of wave-particle theory, which debunked classical Newtonian physics.
- Wave-particle theory, a concept of quantum mechanics, exhibits particle or wave properties according to circumstances, resolving the anomaly of classical concepts.
Classical Newtonian Physics vs. Wave-Particle Theory
- Classical Newtonian physics describes mechanical events, including forces acting on matter, and laws of motion.
- Wave-particle theory opposes classical Newtonian physics, introducing the concept of quantum entities exhibiting particle or wave properties.
The Kuhnian Cycle
- The Kuhnian cycle consists of three phases: Pre-Science, Normal Science, and Model Crisis.
- Pre-Science phase: beginning of concepts and ideas, no shared concept of science, and scientists work individually.
- Normal Science phase: concepts or paradigm are taken for granted, scientists are non-critical, and their goal is to solve problems.
- Model Crisis phase: existing concepts or paradigm are questioned, and scientists search for new rules.
Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
- STS, also known as science and technology studies, examines the social, political, and cultural values surrounding science research and technological innovation.
- Focuses on the relationship between science, technology, and society, with an emphasis on social aspects of S&T interaction.
- Related to the history and philosophy of science.
Meaning of Science and Technology
- Science is a systematized body of knowledge, gained through observation and experimentation.
- Technology refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge.
Eco-Friendly Technologies
- Sustainable technologies that utilize resources from the environment without causing negative effects.
- Examples: renewable energy sources, recycling technologies, and eco-friendly construction materials.
Historical Context of Science and Technology
- During the Middle Ages, the need for nautical inventions was high, leading to the invention of the telescope, which helped navigators.
- Military technologies developed during this time, including crossbows and chainmail.
- The Black Death, a plague that wiped out 25-50% of Europe's population, led to the quarantine technique and eventually halted scientific progress.
Kuhn's Paradigm Shift
- A revolution in scientific thought that changes the way people think about the world.
- Examples: the shift from geocentric to heliocentric models of the universe, and the development of quantum mechanics.
Explore the impact of science and technology on society and culture. Learn how scientific discoveries have shaped human history and influenced different aspects of our lives. This quiz covers the relationship between science, technology, and society.
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