Introduction to Science: Principles and Branches
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the application of empirical evidence in scientific research?

  • Relying on a respected scientist's opinion to validate a hypothesis.
  • Collecting data through experiments to test a specific hypothesis. (correct)
  • Conducting a survey to gather public opinions on a scientific topic.
  • Developing a mathematical model based on theoretical assumptions.

A researcher proposes a new theory but avoids making specific predictions that can be tested through experiments. Why is this problematic from a scientific standpoint?

  • The theory does not align with existing beliefs.
  • The theory is not complex enough to explain the phenomenon.
  • The theory lacks a mathematical foundation.
  • The theory is not falsifiable, hindering its validation. (correct)

A team of scientists is studying the behavior of a new chemical compound. To ensure objectivity, what steps should they take during their research?

  • Incorporate personal opinions to enrich the analysis.
  • Minimize bias in data collection and interpretation. (correct)
  • Rely on anecdotal evidence from previous studies.
  • Focus solely on data that supports their initial hypothesis.

A physicist is investigating the properties of a newly discovered subatomic particle. Which branch of science is most relevant to this research?

<p>Physics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An economist is studying the factors that influence consumer spending during an economic recession. Which branch of science does this research fall under?

<p>Economics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer scientist is developing a new algorithm to improve data encryption. Which branch of science is most applicable to this work?

<p>Computer Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores. Which step in the scientific method involves formulating a testable explanation for the expected outcome?

<p>Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After conducting numerous experiments, a team of scientists finds consistent evidence supporting a particular explanation for a natural phenomenon. What might this explanation be classified as?

<p>Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a scientific law?

<p>The law of gravity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are standardized units, such as SI units, essential in scientific measurements?

<p>To ensure measurements are accurate and consistent across different experiments and locations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to analyze the chemical composition of a distant star. Which tool would be most appropriate?

<p>Spectrometer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does scientific research contribute to improved health and medicine?

<p>By increasing our understanding of diseases, leading to better treatments and prevention strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of peer review in the scientific process?

<p>To evaluate scientific manuscripts by experts in the field before publication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior violates ethical considerations in science?

<p>Falsifying data to support a hypothesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudoscience?

<p>Reliance on anecdotal evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is calculus essential to scientific modeling?

<p>Calculus is essential for understanding rates of change and accumulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the interdisciplinary nature of science contribute to scientific advancements?

<p>By fostering a holistic approach to complex problems, integrating knowledge and techniques from multiple fields. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of studying environmental science?

<p>To understand and address environmental challenges to ensure a healthy planet for future generations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Science?

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Empirical Evidence

Facts obtained through observation and experimentation; the foundation of scientific claims.

Testability

The principle that scientific claims must be falsifiable, meaning they can be tested and proven wrong..

What are Natural Sciences?

A branch of science that studies the physical world.

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What are Social Sciences?

A branch of science that studies human society and social behavior.

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What are Formal Sciences?

A branch of science that uses formal systems to generate knowledge.

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What is the Scientific Method?

A series of steps used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena.

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Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of the natural world, confirmed through repeated observation and experiment.

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Scientific Law

A statement that describes an observed regularity or pattern in nature.

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Microscopes

Microscopes are tools used to observe small objects and structures not visible to the naked eye.

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Scientific Journals

Publications where scientists share their research findings.

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Pseudoscience

Claims presented as scientific but do not adhere to the scientific method.

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Quantitative Analysis

Mathematics provides a framework for quantifying and analyzing data.

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Big Data

The use of large and complex datasets for scientific discovery.

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SI Units

The standard system of measurement used in science.

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Peer Review

A process where scientific manuscripts are evaluated by experts before publication.

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Environmental Science

Study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment.

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Standardized Units

Essential for accurate and consistent measurements.

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Study Notes

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Description

Explore the systematic approach of science, focusing on understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. Learn about the core principles of science, including empirical evidence, testability, objectivity, repeatability, and skepticism. Discover main branches of science.

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