Introduction to Science Fields Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the measure of the average kinetic energy per particle?

  • Thermal energy
  • Nebula
  • Temperature (correct)
  • Coefficient

    • Which process involves the fusion of hydrogen and other nuclei into larger nuclei?

  • Erosion
  • Deposition
  • Physical weathering
  • Nuclear fusion (correct)

    • What is the name for a slowly moving mass of ice formed from snow accumulation?

  • Comet
  • Star
  • Glacier (correct)
  • Asteroid

    • Which era consists of the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons?

    <p>Precambrian Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call rocks made up of weathered particles cemented together?

    <p>Sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celestial body is held together by its own gravity and releases light through nuclear fusion?

    <p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mechanism responsible for the transportation or removal of material?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of superposition state?

    <p>In undeformed sedimentary rocks, each bed is younger than the one below it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest point in a wave above equilibrium called?

    <p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of Earth's atmosphere is immediately above the stratosphere?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between atoms that share valence electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the ability of an element to be shaped by pounding without breaking apart?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for elements that tend to lose electrons?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom with a net electric charge known as?

    <p>Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wave is characterized by particles being close together in the compression region?

    <p>Longitudinal wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the sum of all forces acting on an object?

    <p>Net force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of friction opposes the motion of an object that is not moving against another object?

    <p>Static friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for work?

    <p>$work = force \times displacement$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collision is one where the total kinetic energy is conserved?

    <p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term represents the position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns?

    <p>Equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wave requires a medium to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum?

    <p>Mechanical wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted?

    <p>Law of conservation of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the capacity to do work or cause change?

    <p>'Energy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an unconformity suggest in rock layers?

    <p>A gap in the geological record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which tectonic plate boundary do the plates push into each other?

    <p>Transform boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of infiltration in the water cycle?

    <p>Water flow into the subsurface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of air mass is characterized by the same temperature, humidity, and pressure throughout?

    <p>Polar air mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of front does warm air move over cooler air?

    <p>Warm front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weather is typically associated with a high pressure system or anticyclone?

    <p>Clear skies and fair weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convection cells in the atmosphere involve the circulation of which elements?

    <p><em>Gases</em> and <em>liquids</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the principle of falsification in science?

    <p>It states that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a scientist observes an inverse relationship between two variables in an experiment, what does it imply?

    <p>As one variable increases, the other variable decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

    <p>A law describes a widespread pattern, while a theory explains the underlying mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, what is the purpose of a control variable?

    <p>To ensure that other factors do not influence the results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes a conceptual model in science?

    <p>It is used to visualize things that cannot be directly observed, such as atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the base units (meter, kilogram, second, and kelvin) and derived units in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Derived units are created by combining base units using mathematical operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of observations and experiments in science?

    <p>They provide data that can be used to evaluate and refine scientific ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing characteristic of an observational study in science?

    <p>Researchers study systems or phenomena as they occur naturally, without intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study involves observing systems as they appear in nature without attempting to change them?

    <p>Observational study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, what is the term for the variable that is intentionally changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call a statement that explains a wide range of observations and is supported by a substantial body of scientific evidence?

    <p>Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these represents a relationship where increasing one variable results in a decrease in the other?

    <p>Inverse relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the amount of space occupied by an object?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is the base unit for measuring temperature in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a model that treats physical objects or phenomena using mathematical methods?

    <p>Mathematical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In physics, what term describes a push or pull with both direction and magnitude?

    <p>'Force'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for elements that are shiny like metals but have intermediate electrical conductivity?

    <p>Metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the protective ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to be stretched into wire known as?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a covalent bond, what do atoms share?

    <p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic compounds are usually formed by the combination of a metal with what other type of element?

    <p>Non-metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sound waves are an example of which type of wave?

    <p>Longitudinal wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of what in atoms?

    <p>Chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Valence electrons are specifically located in which region of an atom?

    <p><strong>Electron cloud</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific process results in the alteration or breakdown of rock or soil?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geology, which type of rocks are formed through heat and pressure causing changes in their minerals?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is primarily made of mostly molten iron?

    <p>Outer core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What celestial body is a collection of hundreds of billions of stars clustered together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era consists of the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic eons?

    <p>Precambrian Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks are formed by lava or magma cooling and solidifying?

    <p>Igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a slowly moving mass of ice formed by snow accumulation that flows over time?

    <p>Glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Principle of crosscutting relationships' indicates that if a geological feature cuts through a rock layer, then:

    <p>The rock layer is younger than the feature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tectonic plate boundary is characterized by plates grinding past each other, causing earthquakes but almost no volcanic activity?

    <p>Transform boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for the evaporation of water from the leaves of plants?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tectonic plate boundary is characterized by the sinking of one plate into the mantle below another plate, causing deep ocean trenches and continental volcanic mountain ranges?

    <p>Oceanic to continental boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of atmospheric layers, which layer is immediately above the thermosphere?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of air mass is characterized by a uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure throughout?

    <p>Air mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tectonic plate boundary is characterized by the separation of plates, causing volcanic activity and relatively few, weak earthquakes?

    <p>Divergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer is responsible for shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation?

    <p>Ozone layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Newton's first law?

    <p>An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between linear momentum and the law of conservation of momentum?

    <p>Linear momentum is the mass of an object times its velocity, and the law of conservation of momentum states that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy is the energy objects have because they are moving, while potential energy is the energy that is stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A transverse wave is a wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling, while a longitudinal wave is a wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between work, force, and displacement?

    <p>Work is equal to force times displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>Energy can be transferred or converted, but it cannot be created or destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the base units (meter, kilogram, second, and kelvin) and derived units in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Derived units are formed by combining base units using mathematical operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the principle of superposition in geology?

    <p>The principle of superposition states that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary or volcanic rocks, younger rocks are deposited on top of older rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between scientific laws and theories?

    <p>Laws describe widespread patterns, while theories provide broad explanations supported by extensive evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of scientific models, what distinguishes a mathematical model from a conceptual model?

    <p>A mathematical model treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods, while a conceptual model is used to visualize things that cannot be seen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between base units and derived units in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Derived units are produced by combining base units, such as meters, kilograms, seconds, and kelvins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principle of crosscutting relationships in geology, if a geological feature cuts through a rock layer, what can be inferred?

    <p>The geological feature is younger than the rock layer it cuts through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between work, force, and displacement in physics?

    <p>Work is the product of force and displacement, and it represents the energy transferred to an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between metals and non-metals in terms of their atomic properties?

    <p>Metals tend to lose electrons, while non-metals tend to gain electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical reactions, what do atoms form or break during the process?

    <p>Chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Newton's third law?

    <p>When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between kinetic energy and an object's mass and velocity?

    <p>Kinetic energy increases as both mass and velocity increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions?

    <p>In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is conserved, while in an inelastic collision, the total kinetic energy is not conserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between work, force, and displacement?

    <p>Work is equal to the product of force and displacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Mechanical waves require a medium to travel through, while electromagnetic waves do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between potential energy and the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>Potential energy is one of the forms of energy that is conserved according to the law of conservation of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves?

    <p>In transverse waves, the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, while in longitudinal waves, the oscillation occurs along the direction of wave propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between linear momentum and the law of conservation of momentum?

    <p>The law of conservation of momentum states that the total linear momentum of a system is conserved in both elastic and inelastic collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that in undeformed sedimentary rocks, each bed is younger than the one below it?

    <p>Principle of superposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock is formed through the effects of heat and pressure, causing its minerals to change?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the continuous cycle of transformation that describes how rocks are formed, altered, and reformed?

    <p>Rock cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era is characterized as the age of mammals and is the current era in Earth's geological timescale?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the naturally occurring, solid inorganic element or compound formed by natural processes, with a limited range of possible chemical composition and a definite arrangement of atoms?

    <p>Mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that if a rock, fault, or other feature cuts through a rock layer, that rock layer must have been pre-existing in order to have been cut through?

    <p>Principle of crosscutting relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the alteration or breakdown of rock or soil due to mechanical or chemical processes?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a relatively small, icy, dusty body that travels around the sun in a very elliptical orbit?

    <p>Comet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

    <p>A physical change does not alter the chemical composition, while a chemical change does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

    <p>An ionic bond involves the transfer of valence electrons, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength?

    <p>As the frequency of a wave increases, the wavelength decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of valence electrons in the formation of chemical bonds?

    <p>Valence electrons are involved in the formation of both ionic and covalent bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, while a heterogeneous mixture does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the atomic number and the identity of an element?

    <p>The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the period and the group in the periodic table?

    <p>Elements in the same period have different numbers of valence electrons, while elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the amplitude of a wave and the energy it carries?

    <p>The amplitude of a wave is directly proportional to the energy it carries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for the formation of continental volcanic mountain ranges and deep ocean trenches along oceanic to continental convergent boundaries?

    <p>Subduction of an oceanic plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer lies between the mesosphere and the exosphere?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a continental to continental convergent boundary, what geological feature is typically formed due to the collision of two continental plates without subduction?

    <p>Tall mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric circulation pattern involves the rising of warm air and the sinking of cooler air in a circular motion?

    <p>Convection cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for the movement of water from the land surface into the subsurface, replenishing groundwater supplies?

    <p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of air mass boundary is characterized by the movement of a warm air mass over a cooler air mass?

    <p>Warm front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of tectonic plate boundaries, what type of boundary is characterized by the separation of plates, leading to the formation of volcanoes and few, weak earthquakes?

    <p>Divergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer is responsible for shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

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