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Questions and Answers
What defines the major branch of Natural Sciences?
What defines the major branch of Natural Sciences?
- Evaluation of statistical data.
- Study of abstract concepts.
- Analysis of the natural world. (correct)
- Focus on human behavior.
Which step in the scientific method involves making a testable prediction?
Which step in the scientific method involves making a testable prediction?
- Hypothesis (correct)
- Analysis
- Observation
- Conclusion
What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
- Theory is a conjecture; law is a fact.
- Theory is an explanation; law is a statement based on observations. (correct)
- Theory describes a phenomenon while law explains it.
- Theory can be disproven; law cannot.
Which of the following tools is primarily used for magnifying small objects?
Which of the following tools is primarily used for magnifying small objects?
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Which principle in science is best associated with the concept of internal balance within living organisms?
Which principle in science is best associated with the concept of internal balance within living organisms?
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What process involves evaluating scientific work by experts before publication?
What process involves evaluating scientific work by experts before publication?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a branch of Social Sciences?
Which of the following is NOT considered a branch of Social Sciences?
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Which of the following is a key emerging field in science?
Which of the following is a key emerging field in science?
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Study Notes
Definition of Science
- Systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge through testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Major Branches of Science
-
Natural Sciences
- Focus on the natural world.
- Examples: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science.
-
Formal Sciences
- Study abstract concepts and systems.
- Examples: Mathematics, Logic, Statistics.
-
Social Sciences
- Study human behavior and societies.
- Examples: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics.
Scientific Method
-
Observation
- Gathering information through senses or instruments.
-
Question
- Formulating a specific question based on observations.
-
Hypothesis
- Making a testable prediction based on the question.
-
Experiment
- Designing and conducting tests to gather data.
-
Analysis
- Interpreting the data collected from experiments.
-
Conclusion
- Determining whether the hypothesis is supported or refuted.
Key Concepts
-
Theory vs. Law
- Theory: well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
- Law: statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe some aspect of the world.
-
Peer Review
- Process where scientific work is evaluated by experts in the same field before publication.
-
Variables
- Independent Variable: manipulated variable in an experiment.
- Dependent Variable: measured outcome in an experiment.
Important Scientific Principles
- Conservation Laws (energy, mass)
- Evolution (biological diversity)
- Homeostasis (internal balance in living organisms)
- Entropy (disorder in thermodynamics)
Tools and Techniques
- Microscope: Used for magnifying small objects.
- Spectroscopy: Analyzing materials based on their spectrum.
- Statistical Analysis: Interpreting data through mathematical techniques.
Importance of Science
- Enhances understanding of the universe.
- Drives technological advancement and innovation.
- Informs public policy and decision-making.
Emerging Fields
- Biotechnology
- Astrobiology
- Quantum Computing
- Environmental Science
Definition of Science
- Science is a systematic method to gain and organize knowledge
- Uses testable explanations and predictions about the universe
Branches of Science
- Natural Sciences: Focus on the natural world
- Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science
- Formal Sciences: Study abstract concepts and systems
- Mathematics, Logic, Statistics
- Social Sciences: Study human behavior and societies
- Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics.
Scientific Method
- Steps:
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis
- Conclusion
- Key Concepts:
- Theory: well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world
- Law: statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe some aspect of the world
- Peer Review: evaluating scientific work by experts
- Variables:
- Independent Variable: manipulated variable in an experiment
- Dependent Variable: measured outcome in an experiment
Important Scientific Principles
- Conservation Laws (energy, mass)
- Evolution (biological diversity)
- Homeostasis (internal balance in living organisms)
- Entropy (disorder in thermodynamics)
Tools and Techniques
- Microscope: magnify small objects
- Spectroscopy: analyzing materials based on their spectrum
- Statistical Analysis: interpreting data through mathematical techniques.
Importance of Science
- Enhances understanding of the universe
- Drives technological advancement and innovation
- Informs public policy and decision-making
Emerging Fields
- Biotechnology
- Astrobiology
- Quantum Computing
- Environmental Science
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