22 Questions
What is the purpose of the ICMP protocol?
To provide feedback about issues related to the processing of IP packets under certain conditions.
What command is used to display the contents of the IP routing tables?
show ip route
What is the status of the Vlan1 interface?
Administratively down
What is the IPv6 address of the GigabitEthernet0/0/1 interface?
2001:DB8:FEED:224::1
What is the command used to display statistics for all interfaces?
show interfaces
What is the description of the GigabitEthernet0/0/0 interface?
Link to LAN
What is the MTU of the GigabitEthernet0/0/0 interface?
1500 bytes
What is the bandwidth of the GigabitEthernet0/0/0 interface?
100000 Kbit/sec
What are two ways to learn remote routes in a network?
Manually with a static route and dynamically by using a routing protocol.
What is the purpose of a default route in a network?
To forward all traffic to a specific direction when there is no match in the routing table.
What are two characteristics of static routes?
They must be configured manually and must be adjusted manually by the administrator when there is a change in the topology.
What is the advantage of using dynamic routing protocols?
They can automatically discover remote networks, maintain up-to-date information, and choose the best path to the destination.
What does the 'show ip route' command display in a routing table?
The route sources, such as L, C, S, O, and D.
What type of route is indicated by the letter 'S' in the routing table?
A static route that was manually configured by an administrator.
What is the purpose of the ARP protocol?
To determine the destination MAC address of a local device when the IPv4 address is known.
What type of route is directly connected to the router's interface?
A directly connected route, indicated by the letters 'C' and 'L' in the routing table.
What is a potential issue that can arise from excessive ARP broadcasts?
Reduction in performance
What type of attack can be performed by spoofing ARP replies?
ARP poisoning attack
What type of devices include mitigation techniques to protect against ARP attacks?
Enterprise level switches
What command is used to display the contents of the IP routing tables?
show ip route
What command is used to display the IPv6 statistics for all interfaces on a router?
show ipv6 interfaces
What command is used to view the status of all interfaces, including their IP addresses and current status?
show ip interface brief
Study Notes
Routing
- Remote routes are learned manually with a static route or dynamically with a routing protocol
- Default route forwards all traffic to a specific direction when there is no match in the routing table
Static Routing
- Must be configured manually
- Must be adjusted manually by the administrator when there is a change in the topology
- Good for small non-redundant networks
- Often used in conjunction with a dynamic routing protocol for configuring a default route
Dynamic Routing
- Automatically discovers remote networks
- Maintains up-to-date information
- Chooses the best path to the destination
- Finds new best paths when there is a topology change
- Can also share static default routes with other routers
IPv4 Routing Table
- The show ip route command shows the following route sources:
- L - Directly connected local interface IP address
- C - Directly connected network
- S - Static route was manually configured by an administrator
- O - OSPF
- D - EIGRP
ARP
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to determine the destination MAC address of a local device when the IPv4 address is known
- Excessive ARP broadcasts can cause a reduction in performance
- ARP replies can be spoofed by a threat actor to perform an ARP poisoning attack
ICMP
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides feedback about issues related to the processing of IP packets under certain conditions
- ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 messages are used for this purpose
Configure Interfaces
- The show ip interface brief and show ipv6 interface brief commands are used to view the status of all interfaces
- The show ip route and show ipv6 route commands are used to display the contents of the IP routing tables
- The show interfaces command is used to display statistics for all interfaces on the device
- The show ip interfaces and show ipv6 interfaces commands are used to display the IPv4 and IPv6 statistics for all interfaces on a router
Learn about remote routes, static routes, and default routes in computer networking. Understand how routers share information and forward traffic.
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