Introduction to Reading and Writing Skills

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a macro skill in the context of reading and writing?

  • Researching (correct)
  • Viewing
  • Listening
  • Writing

Which component is part of the Big 5 of Reading Comprehension?

  • Ability to summarize verbally
  • Ability to answer direct recall questions (correct)
  • Ability to memorize facts
  • Ability to avoid distractions

What is the primary reason many students express for disliking writing?

  • They find it too easy
  • They have too much time on their hands
  • They perceive it as irrelevant (correct)
  • They lack the necessary tools

Which theory of reading emphasizes the role of background knowledge to predict content?

<p>Top Down Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle highlights the connection between reading habits and writing improvement?

<p>To write better, read better (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason students often avoid reading?

<p>Reading can feel intimidating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'phonemic awareness' refer to in reading components?

<p>Identifying individual sounds in words (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skills is essential for reading comprehension as indicated in the content?

<p>Ability to identify familiar vocabulary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of persuasive discourse?

<p>To convince the audience of a particular viewpoint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are categories of discourse?

<p>Poetic, Expressive, Transactional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In brainstorming, which rule emphasizes the importance of generating a large number of ideas?

<p>Quantity is important (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'H' in the LATCH organizing technique represent?

<p>Hierarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of discourse is primarily focused on storytelling?

<p>Narration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes academic discourse?

<p>Formal language with an objective tone and third person POV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of discourse does culture influence according to the context of discourse?

<p>The author's thinking and perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brainstorming method involves creating a visual representation of ideas?

<p>Idea map (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a flow diagram or sequence chart?

<p>To illustrate a series of steps or events in order (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an outline in writing?

<p>To list ideas divided into headings and subheadings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of well-written text?

<p>Usage of vague language for interpretation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is coherence achieved in writing?

<p>By logically ordering support according to an organizational pattern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a cause-and-effect diagram?

<p>It shows direct relationships between events and concepts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea conveyed in the body of a paragraph?

<p>Supporting details that develop the topic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT contribute to achieving unity in a composition?

<p>Including multiple focused ideas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to enhance language use in writing?

<p>Wordiness and redundancies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reading Comprehension

The process of understanding written language, including recognizing words and comprehending their meaning.

Phonemic Awareness

The ability to break down words into individual sounds.

Phonics

The relationship between letters and sounds. It helps decode unfamiliar words.

Fluency

The ability to read smoothly and accurately at an appropriate pace.

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Vocabulary

A reader's knowledge of words.

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Comprehension

The ability to understand the meaning of a text.

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Schema

The use of prior knowledge to understand what is being read.

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Interactive Compensatory Theory

The process of reading that combines both bottom-up and top-down strategies.

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Discourse

The way language is used to convey meanings or evoke a specific response.

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Purpose of Discourse

The main goal of using language, such as informing, persuading, or entertaining.

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Context of Discourse

The surrounding factors influencing the meaning and interpretation of discourse, including cultural beliefs, social environments, and personal experiences.

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Argumentation

A type of discourse that aims to convince an audience or reader by presenting valid claims, counterclaims, and evidence.

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Description

A type of discourse that focuses on describing a topic, providing an impression of the author's observations.

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Exposition

A type of discourse that aims to inform, clarify, and explain a phenomenon. It often involves definitions and explanations.

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Narration

A type of discourse that involves storytelling, often focusing on a sequence of events.

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LATCH (Organizing Technique)

A method for organizing information using categories such as location, alphabet, time, category, and hierarchy.

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Concept Mapping

A method of organizing information by identifying its main idea, characteristics, synonyms, and hierarchical relationships. Important concepts are placed at the top of the hierarchy.

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Flow Diagram

A visual representation that shows the order of steps or events in a process.

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Compare and Contrast (Venn Diagram)

A tool that helps you identify similarities and differences between two or more things.

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Cause-and-Effect Diagram

A diagram that shows the causal relationships between different events or concepts.

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Outline

A structured plan for a writing project or speech. It includes a hierarchical list of headings and subheadings.

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Topic Sentence

The main idea of a paragraph, usually presented in a single sentence.

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Cohesion

The ability of a text to hold together meaning. It refers to the connection of ideas at the sentence level.

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Organization

The logical arrangement of ideas in a text.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Reading and Writing

  • Four Macro Skills: Reading (16%), Listening (45%), Writing (9%), Speaking (30%), Viewing
  • Reasons Students Don't Like Reading: Require, not a habit, intimidating, anti-social, no pictures, movies better, not interesting, many other things to do
  • Reasons Students Don't Like Writing: Lack of relevance, pressure to be perfect, slow, bad feedback demotivates them
  • Reading Comprehension: Ability to extract meaning from printed text and interpret it appropriately. Word recognition plus language comprehension equal reading comprehension.
  • Five Components of Reading: Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension

Big 5 of Reading Comprehension

  • Ability to identify main idea(s) and key details.
  • Ability to sequence a passage in order.
  • Ability to answer direct recall questions.
  • Ability to make inferences or predictions.
  • Ability to identify familiar vocabulary

Principles of Reading and Writing

  • The Reading Process: Three types of Theories: Bottom-up, Top-down, Interactive Compensatory
  • Text as Connected Discourse: A formal and lengthy discussion; concepts and insights are organized logically. Means of conveying meaning or eliciting specific responses, often in speech or writing.

Properties of Well-Written Text

  • Paragraph Structure: Three main parts: Introduction (main idea, topic sentence), Body (supporting details), Conclusion (concluding sentence)
  • Unity: Compositions contain a single focused idea
  • Coherence: Ideas are logically connected on a conceptual level
  • Cohesion: Ideas are connected at the sentence level

Language Use in Writing

  • Clear and Concise Sentences: Avoid redundancies (unnecessary repetition), wordiness, clichés, and overly formal language.
  • Precise Vocabulary: Select specific, exact words.
  • Pronoun Consistency: Maintain the same references throughout the text.
  • Avoid Sexist Language: Adopt inclusive, non-binary pronouns.

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