Introduction to Psychology

<p>Investigated physiological functions related to the mind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recording one's own perceptions and thoughts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1879 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senses, particularly vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educational Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>School Psychologist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group behavior and social interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various types of mental health professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes throughout the entire lifespan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the chance of missing a malignant tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method of Constant Stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be tedious for the observer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presenting stimuli in ascending and descending series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To average out results and determine the threshold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on subjective reports of detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is increased step by step (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential biases in reporting detection thresholds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many factors contribute to behavior and occur at different levels of explanation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They associate such that the presence of one often indicates the presence of another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturalistic observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many behavioral causes lie outside conscious awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as benchmarks for understanding normality and abnormality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be unrealistic or cost-prohibitive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative social responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be reliably distinguished from no stimulus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum difference in stimulus magnitude necessary to distinguish two stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity decreases as the stimulus intensity increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is detected less than 50% of the time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 additional candles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accuracy decreases with similarity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that is constant throughout the measurement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase needed for detection is proportional to the intensity of the original stimulus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control for the psychological effects of receiving treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control for confounding factors that may influence results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could introduce confounding factors related to their choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Additional variables that may affect the dependent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not allow the same participant to experience both conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group that receives a placebo or no active treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because ethical standards require the participants to receive real treatment afterward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates ambiguity in interpreting results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

The variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions.

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

The belief that the mind and behavior can be scientifically analyzed.

The scientific method used to study the mind by observing and reporting on one's own perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

A perspective in psychology that focuses on the nature of the body and human behavior.

A perspective in psychology that focuses on the nature of the mind and mental processes.

The first psychological laboratory, established in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt.

The complexity of behavior arises from the interplay of many factors, operating across various levels of analysis.

Attributing behavior to a single cause can be misleading due to the interconnected nature of various factors.

Causes of behavior often overlap and influence each other, making it difficult to isolate their individual effects.

Many factors influencing behavior operate outside our conscious awareness, making it challenging to fully understand our actions.

A research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulating variables.

Descriptive research focusing on non-numerical data, often used in naturalistic observation, for gathering detailed insights about behavior.

A research method that provides detailed information about a single individual, often used in clinical psychology.

Descriptive research that focuses on describing and understanding the motivations behind human and animal behavior.

The study of how people change and grow throughout their lives, encompassing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and perceptual development.

Focuses on understanding and explaining how people change over time, exploring the factors that influence these changes.

A branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching, educational issues, and student concerns.

A type of psychology involving working in schools to help students with academic, emotional, and social issues.

A field of psychology that examines how individuals behave and interact within groups, including social influences on behavior, perceptions, and decision-making.

Social Psychology explores a wide range of social behaviors such as group dynamics, social interactions and perceptions, leadership, nonverbal communication, social influences on decision-making, conformity, aggression, and prejudice.

Professionals in forensic psychology may not be forensic psychologists, but can include clinical psychologists, school psychologists, neurologists, or counselors.

Forensic psychologists provide their expertise in legal or criminal cases by offering testimony, analysis, or recommendations.

The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be reliably detected 50% of the time.

The smallest difference in stimulus intensity that can be reliably detected.

The ability of sensory systems to become less sensitive to changes in stimulus intensity as the intensity increases.

The increase in stimulus intensity needed to detect a change is proportional to the original intensity.

A measurement of how well we can distinguish between stimuli, taking into account both accuracy and reaction time.

In a change detection task, the stimulus that is always presented first and serves as a baseline.

In a change detection task, the stimulus that is presented after the standard and is compared to it.

The ability to perceive a stimulus that is below the absolute threshold.

A fake treatment that looks like the real one but lacks the active ingredient. Used in medical and psychological research to control for the placebo effect.

A condition in an experiment that resembles the treatment condition but lacks the active element. Participants are aware they are being controlled, but they receive a fake treatment.

A condition in an experiment where participants don't receive any treatment or a placebo. Used for comparison, but can have interpretive issues due to factors like waitlist effects.

Factors that can unintentionally influence the results of a study. These can be related to participant characteristics or the way the experiment is conducted.

The variable that a researcher manipulates to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable. In an experiment, the researcher has complete control over this variable.

When participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment. This eliminates bias and ensures that groups are similar at the start of the study.

A research design where participants are assigned to separate groups, with each group receiving a different treatment. This is a classic way to conduct experiments.

A research design where the same participants receive all the treatments in the experiment. For example, each participant might experience both the experimental and control conditions at different times.

A psychophysical method in which stimuli of varying intensities are presented randomly to determine if an observer can detect the stimulus.

A method used in psychophysics where the intensity of a stimulus is gradually increased or decreased until the observer detects or no longer detects the stimulus.

A series of stimuli presented in a gradual increasing order of intensity until the observer detects the stimulus.

A series of stimuli presented in a gradual decreasing order of intensity until the observer no longer detects the stimulus.

The point at which a stimulus is just detectable or no longer detectable by the observer.

A research method that involves presenting stimuli of different intensities and recording the observer's responses.

The branch of psychology that studies how we perceive physical stimuli.

Signal detection theory highlights how decision-making and sensory sensitivity influence the accuracy of detecting information, particularly in contexts like diagnosis.