Introduction to Psychology Overview

Behavior:
- Observable actions of a person or animal.
Mental Processes:
- Internal processes (thoughts, emotions, perceptions).
Theories of Psychology:
- Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behavior; key figures include B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson.
- Cognitive Psychology: Studies mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving; key figures include Jean Piaget and Aaron Beck.
- Humanistic Psychology: Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization; key figures include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
- Psychoanalytic Theory: Focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences; founded by Sigmund Freud.

Experimental: Involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect.
Observational: Systematic observation of behavior in natural settings.
Surveys: Use questionnaires/interviews to collect data about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Case Studies: In-depth examination of a single individual or group.

Clinical Psychology: Assessment and treatment of mental disorders.
Counseling Psychology: Focus on personal and interpersonal functioning across lifespan.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Application of psychological principles in workplace settings.
Educational Psychology: Study of how people learn and the best practices to teach.

Anxiety Disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias.
Mood Disorders: Depression, bipolar disorder.
Personality Disorders: Borderline, narcissistic, antisocial personality disorders.
Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia and delusional disorders.

Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis.
Carl Jung: Developed analytical psychology; concepts of introversion/extraversion.
B.F. Skinner: Prominent behaviorist known for operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning: Learning through association; Ivan Pavlov's experiments.
Operant Conditioning: Learning through reinforcement and punishment; Skinner's work.
Social Learning Theory: Learning through observation and imitation; Albert Bandura's experiments.

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Developing sensory and motor skills.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Symbolic thinking and egocentrism.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete events.
Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up): Abstract and logical reasoning.

Studies how individuals influence and are influenced by others.
Key topics include:
- Group dynamics
- Conformity and obedience
- Attitudes and persuasion
- Prejudice and discrimination

Explores the connection between brain function and behavior.
Key areas of study:
- Neurotransmitters
- Brain structures and functions
- Effects of drugs on the brain and behavior.

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior
Key areas of study include clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and neuropsychology

Behavior refers to observable actions of people or animals.
Mental Processes are internal thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.
Theories of Psychology provide frameworks to understand behavior and mental processes.
- Behaviorism emphasizes observable behavior with key figures like B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson.
- Cognitive Psychology studies mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving with key figures like Jean Piaget and Aaron Beck.
- Humanistic Psychology focuses on personal growth and self-actualization with key figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
- Psychoanalytic Theory emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences, founded by Sigmund Freud.

Experimental methods manipulate variables to determine cause and effect.
Observational methods systematically observe behavior in natural settings.
Surveys use questionnaires or interviews to collect data about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Case Studies involve in-depth examinations of a single individual or group.

Clinical Psychology focuses on assessment and treatment of mental disorders.
Counseling Psychology focuses on personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology applies psychological principles to workplace settings.
Educational Psychology studies how people learn and best practices for teaching.

Anxiety Disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.
Mood Disorders include depression and bipolar disorder.
Personality Disorders include borderline, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders.
Psychotic Disorders include schizophrenia and delusional disorders.

Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis.
Carl Jung developed analytical psychology, known for concepts like introversion and extraversion.
B.F. Skinner was a prominent behaviorist known for operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning involves learning through association, as demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov's experiments.
Operant Conditioning involves learning through reinforcement and punishment, as demonstrated by Skinner's work.
Social Learning Theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation, as demonstrated by Albert Bandura's experiments.

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Developing sensory and motor skills.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Symbolic thinking emerges, with some egocentrism.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete events develops.
Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up): Abstract and logical reasoning emerge.

Social Psychology studies how individuals influence and are influenced by each other.
Key topics:
- Group dynamics
- Conformity and obedience
- Attitudes and persuasion
- Prejudice and discrimination

Neuroscience and Psychology explore the connection between brain function and behavior.
Key areas of study:
- Neurotransmitters
- Brain structures and their associated functions
- The effects of drugs on the brain and behavior.