Introduction to Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of:

  • societies and cultures
  • the past and historical events
  • the mind and behavior (correct)
  • physical health and illness

Who is recognized for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879?

  • B.F. Skinner
  • Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
  • Sigmund Freud
  • William James

Which psychological perspective focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes?

  • Psychoanalysis
  • Functionalism (correct)
  • Structuralism
  • Behaviorism

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis emphasized the role of what in shaping behavior?

<p>unconscious mind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behaviorism, as championed by John B. Watson, asserted that psychology should primarily focus on:

<p>observable behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective in psychology examines the physiological bases of behavior?

<p>Biological psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive psychology is primarily concerned with the study of:

<p>mental processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developmental psychology focuses on how people:

<p>grow and change across their lifespan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social psychology explores how individuals are influenced by:

<p>the presence of others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical psychology is most concerned with:

<p>diagnosing and treating mental disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research method involves manipulating variables to determine cause and effect?

<p>Experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correlational studies are used to examine the:

<p>relationships between variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collecting data using questionnaires or interviews is characteristic of which research method?

<p>Surveys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In-depth investigations of a single individual or small group are known as:

<p>Case studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information is called:

<p>Perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving are collectively known as:

<p>Cognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evaluations of people, objects, or ideas are best described as:

<p>Attitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

<p>brain and spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Short-term memory is characterized by its ability to hold information:

<p>temporarily for processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of psychologist applies psychological principles to the workplace?

<p>Industrial-organizational psychologists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychology

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Wilhelm Wundt

Credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline.

William James

Promoted functionalism, which focused on the purpose and function of mental processes.

Sigmund Freud

Developed psychoanalysis, emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior.

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John B. Watson

Championed behaviorism, asserting that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior.

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B.F. Skinner

Further developed behaviorism and is known for his work on operant conditioning.

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Ivan Pavlov

Work on classical conditioning significantly influenced the behaviorist school of thought.

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Biological Psychology

Examines the physiological bases of behavior, including genetics, the nervous system, and hormones.

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Cognitive Psychology

Studies mental processes such as memory, problem-solving, and language.

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Developmental Psychology

Focuses on how people grow and change throughout the lifespan, from infancy to old age.

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Social Psychology

Explores how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.

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Clinical Psychology

Concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders.

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Evolutionary Psychology

Examines behavior and mental processes through the lens of natural selection.

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Humanistic Psychology

Emphasizes the importance of self-actualization and the inherent goodness of people.

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Psychodynamic Psychology

Rooted in Freud's theories, focuses on unconscious drives and conflicts.

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Behavioral Psychology

Emphasizes the role of learning and environmental factors in shaping behavior.

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Cross-Cultural Psychology

Explores how cultural factors influence human behavior and mental processes.

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Experiments in Psychology

Involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on other variables, while controlling for extraneous factors.

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Correlational Studies

Examine the relationships between variables without manipulating them.

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Surveys in Research

Collecting data from a sample of individuals using questionnaires or interviews.

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Study Notes

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