Introduction to Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What does the word 'psychology' derive from?

Greek words ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ meaning ‘the study of’.

What are the primary goals of psychology?

  • Describe
  • Explain
  • Predict
  • Control
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Who conceptualized the Self-Concept?

    Carl Rogers

    The 'Me' refers to the empirical self in psychology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Collective Unconscious' refer to?

    <p>A segment of the deepest unconscious mind that is genetically inherited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the feminine side of men according to Jung.

    <p>Anima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Ideal Self-Concept = Model version the person has of himself/herself. Actual Self = Representation of the attributes that you believe you actually possess. Ought Self = Representation of the attributes that someone believes you should possess. True Self = A sense of being alive and real in one's mind and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Self-Discrepancy Theory?

    <p>Edward Tory Higgins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Shadow' refer to in Jungian psychology?

    <p>The archetype of darkness and repression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winnicott suggested that play is significant in the development of the child.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the false self according to Winnicott?

    <p>To hide and protect the true self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology

    • Derived from Greek words "psyche" (soul) and "logos" (study of)
    • Study of human behavior and mental processes, encompassing biological, social, and environmental factors
    • Focuses on how people think, act, and feel

    Goals of Psychology

    • Describe: Observe and identify patterns in behavior
    • Explain: Understand the causes and mechanisms of behavior
    • Predict: Anticipate future behavior based on existing knowledge
    • Control: Influence behavior to improve well-being

    Biopsychosocial Approach

    • Integrates biological, psychological, and socio-cultural levels of analysis to understand behavior

    Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1955)

    • Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
    • Developed Analytical Psychology, which explores the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior
    • Proposed the concept of the "Collective Unconscious" – a shared, inherited reservoir of archetypes
    • Archetypes are universal symbols and patterns found in the unconscious mind

    Archetypes

    • Persona: The public face we present to the world
    • Shadow: The dark and unconscious side of personality, containing repressed aspects
    • Anima: The feminine archetype in men, influencing emotions and feelings
    • Animus: The masculine archetype in women, influencing rational thinking and opinions
    • The Great Mother: Associated with fertility and destruction
    • The Wise Old Man: Represents wisdom and meaning, symbolizing our innate knowledge of life's mysteries
    • The Hero: Represents someone who overcomes challenges but has a tragic flaw
    • Self: The archetype of wholeness and completeness, symbolizing our potential for integration

    William James (1842-1910)

    • American philosopher and psychologist
    • Considered the "Father of American Psychology"
    • Introduced psychology as a subject in the United States
    • Developed the Theory of the Self, which divides the self into the "Me" and the "I"

    Concept of Self

    • "Me": The empirical self, the one who acts and experiences the world
    • "I": The self that thinks and reflects

    Self-Concept:

    • Conceptualized by Carl Rogers
    • How a person thinks or perceives themself
    • Real Self-Concept: Information and perceptions about oneself
    • Ideal Self-Concept: The version of oneself that one wishes to be

    Self-Discrepancy Theory:

    • Developed by Edward Tory Higgins
    • Individuals compare their "actual self" to internalized standards (ideal self or ought self).

    Self-Discrepancy Components:

    • Actual Self: Attributes one believes they possess
    • Ideal Self: Attributes one desires to possess
    • Ought Self: Attributes one believes they should possess

    True and False Selves:

    • Donald Woods Winnicott, an English pediatrician and psychoanalyst
    • Play is crucial for child development
    • True Self: A sense of being alive and genuine, experiencing spontaneous feelings
    • False Self: A defensive mask, complying with expectations to protect the true self

    The Self as Proactive and Agentic:

    • Albert Bandura, a Canadian-American psychologist
    • Social Cognitive Theory: Individuals learn by observing others
    • Emphasizes the role of agency, self-efficacy and self-regulation in shaping human experience

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of psychology, including its goals and the biopsychosocial approach. Learn about influential figures like Carl Jung and his concepts of the unconscious and archetypes. This quiz covers essential topics to enhance your understanding of human behavior.

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