Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following psychologists is associated with the concept of 'unconditional positive regard'?
Which of the following psychologists is associated with the concept of 'unconditional positive regard'?
What is the main focus of Gestalt psychology?
What is the main focus of Gestalt psychology?
Which of these is NOT an example of a technique used in psychoanalysis?
Which of these is NOT an example of a technique used in psychoanalysis?
What is the difference between Wilhelm Wundt's 'Introspection' and William James' 'Functionalism'?
What is the difference between Wilhelm Wundt's 'Introspection' and William James' 'Functionalism'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychologist is credited with shifting the focus of psychology from internal mental processes to external behaviors?
Which psychologist is credited with shifting the focus of psychology from internal mental processes to external behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key principle underlying B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?
What is the key principle underlying B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Humanistic psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Humanistic psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to the development of Cognitive psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to the development of Cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of psychology as a scientific discipline?
What is the primary focus of psychology as a scientific discipline?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes one of the four goals of studying psychology?
Which of the following best describes one of the four goals of studying psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
At what level of analysis does psychology consider neuronal activity and brain structures?
At what level of analysis does psychology consider neuronal activity and brain structures?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect is NOT typically considered in the study of psychology?
What aspect is NOT typically considered in the study of psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of analysis in psychology focuses on interactions among friends and family?
Which level of analysis in psychology focuses on interactions among friends and family?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Mamie and Kenneth Clark's research on doll preferences aim to challenge?
What did Mamie and Kenneth Clark's research on doll preferences aim to challenge?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following individuals was the first Latina to earn a PhD?
Which of the following individuals was the first Latina to earn a PhD?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychological model suggests that health is impacted by an interaction of multiple variables?
Which psychological model suggests that health is impacted by an interaction of multiple variables?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Industrial-Organizational Psychology primarily focus on?
What does Industrial-Organizational Psychology primarily focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept related to Developmental Psychology is associated with Jean Piaget?
What concept related to Developmental Psychology is associated with Jean Piaget?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a part of the Big Five personality traits?
Which of the following is a part of the Big Five personality traits?
Signup and view all the answers
Which field of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?
Which field of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Milgram, Zimbardo, and Asch are prominent figures in which area of psychology?
Milgram, Zimbardo, and Asch are prominent figures in which area of psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'adaptive variations' refer to in the context of evolutionary psychology?
What does the term 'adaptive variations' refer to in the context of evolutionary psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of the mind (thoughts and emotions) and behaviour.
- It involves empirically examining the mind and behaviour, considering both biology and the environment.
Why Study Psychology?
- When studying mental processes and behaviour, there are four goals:
- Description: Understanding how babies learn to talk
- Explanation: Understanding why we get hungry.
- Prediction: Predicting when we will help a stranger in need.
- Control: Reducing stress or increasing self-care.
Levels of Analysis
- The Brain: Focuses on neuronal activity, brain structures, and genes.
- The Individual: Examines emotions, thoughts, ideas, consciousness, personality and motivation.
- The Group: Considers friends, family, and broader cultural contexts.
History of Psychology
-
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): German "father of psychology"
- Introspection: Objective self-reflection/inspection of one's thoughts.
- Volunteerism: Free will.
- Reaction time (RTs) – Measuring how fast people respond to stimuli.
- Titchner's structuralism: aimed to understand the fundamental components of the mind.
-
William James (1842-1910): North American "father of psychology"
- Functionalism: Focused on the function of mental activities and behaviour.
-
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Neurologist interested in hysteria.
- Psychoanalytic theory: Explores unconscious mind, early childhood experiences – dream analysis, "slips of the tongue," free association.
- Gestalt: Wertheimer, Koffka, and Köhler; Emphasizing how we perceive things as a whole (Gestalt = whole).
- Behaviorism: Ivan Pavlov (classical conditioning: learning through association), John Watson (shifted focus to external behavior), B. F. Skinner (operant conditioning: consequences and behavior).
- Humanism: Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs, motivators to survive and grow), Carl Rogers (client-centered therapy).
- Cognition: Ulric Neisser (father of cognitive psychology, broadened the scope of mental processes). Noam Chomsky (believed behaviour focus was limited.
Contemporary Psychology
- Biopsychology (Neuroscience) & Evolutionary Psychology: How biology influences behaviours (e.g., sleep, drug use, neural plasticity). Today's behaviors are a product of yesterday's survival challenges.
- Sensation and Perception: Interdisciplinary study of sensory stimuli and experiences.
- Cognitive Psychology: Focuses on mental processes (problem-solving, language, development, therapy).
- Developmental Psychology: Processes of change across a lifespan.
- Personality Psychology: What makes us unique (Big Five personality traits – OCEAN).
- Social Psychology: How we interact and relate to others (Milgram, Zimbardo, Asch).
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Applied branch using psychology in workplaces, personnel management, structure, and hiring decisions.
- Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial model (interaction of biological, psychological and social factors in health and wellbeing).
- Sports & Exercise Psychology: Psychological aspects of performance and managing well-being.
- Clinical Psychology: Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
- Forensic Psychology: Application of psychology within the justice system (competency to stand trial, witness testimonies).
Careers in Psychology
- Becoming a Psychologist: Requires a 4-year degree program, with PhD for teaching and research, various branches exist.
- Branches of Psychology: Academic, Clinical/Counseling, Applied psychology. Various careers exists in these branches.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of psychology, including the scientific study of the mind and behavior, the goals of psychological study, levels of analysis, and key historical figures. Test your understanding of how psychology explores mental processes and social contexts.
