Introduction to Psychology - Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of psychology mentioned in the text?

  • Biopsychology
  • Sports and Exercise Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology (correct)

    • Which of the listed individuals is primarily associated with behaviorism?

  • Skinner (correct)
  • Watson
  • Pavlov
  • Chomsky

    • What is the core idea behind Gestalt Psychology?

  • Learning is based on trial and error
  • The brain processes information in a linear fashion
  • The whole is greater than the sum of its parts (correct)
  • Humans are primarily driven by unconscious desires

    • Which of the following concepts is central to Humanism?

    <p>Individual control over one's life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological field focuses on the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in health?

    <p>Health Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological approach was largely rejected in the 1960s?

    <p>Behaviorism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "cognitions" refer to?

    <p>Mental processes related to knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a research topic in Biopsychology?

    <p>The relationship between neurotransmitters and schizophrenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the potential for good in humans?

    <p>Humanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'psyche' refer to, according to its Greek origins?

    <p>Soul (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to psychology focuses on understanding the conscious experience?

    <p>Structuralism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of psychology seeks to understand how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment?

    <p>Functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of behaviorism?

    <p>Observable actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the focus of Gestalt psychology from other schools of thought?

    <p>Understanding the whole experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a 'mental process' in the study of psychology?

    <p>Attitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'logos' refer to in the term 'psychology'?

    <p>Discursive knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves examining one's own conscious experience?

    <p>Introspection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is considered one of the founders of psychology and created the first laboratory for psychological research?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does functionalism emphasize in psychology?

    <p>How mental activities contribute to survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that unresolved issues in the unconscious mind can lead to psychological problems?

    <p>Psychoanalytic Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological approach focuses primarily on observable behavior?

    <p>Behaviorism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of behaviorism?

    <p>Rewarding oneself for academic success (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is associated with the unconscious mind and dream analysis?

    <p>Sigmund Freud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept of structuralism in psychology?

    <p>Breaking down conscious experiences into components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Clinical Psychology primarily focus on?

    <p>Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of psychology focuses on how individuals relate and interact with others?

    <p>Social Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which branch of psychology would a therapist help a person deal with anxiety after a cancer diagnosis?

    <p>Counseling Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Cognitive Psychology?

    <p>The study of cognition and its relationship to experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch studies changes in physical development across the lifespan?

    <p>Developmental Psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does Evolutionary Psychology analyze?

    <p>Adaptation to environments and intellectual challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of psychology best relates to the criminal justice system?

    <p>Forensic Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of research would a Cognitive Psychologist most likely conduct?

    <p>Studying cognitive processes in problem-solving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Structuralism

    A school of psychology that focuses on the basic elements of consciousness, using introspection to break down mental experiences into their simplest components.

    Functionalism

    A school of psychology that emphasizes the function of mental processes and how they help humans adapt to their environment.

    Introspection

    The process of examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations.

    Psychoanalytic Theory

    A theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior and personality.

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    Behaviorism

    A school of psychology that focuses solely on observable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning.

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    Classical Conditioning

    A type of learning where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response.

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    Operant Conditioning

    A type of learning where a behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences.

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    Cognitive Psychology

    The study of how people perceive, think, and learn.

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    What is Psychology?

    The study of the mind, including thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It explores how people perceive the world, learn, remember, and make decisions.

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    Gestalt Psychology

    A school of thought that focuses on studying the whole, rather than its individual parts. It seeks to understand how elements of perception, behavior, and experience interact to form a complete understanding.

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    Humanism

    A school of thought that emphasizes human potential, free will, and the importance of subjective experience. It highlights the capacity for personal growth and self-actualization.

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    Cognitive Revolution

    A shift within psychology that occurred in the mid-20th century, marked by a renewed emphasis on internal mental processes, including perception, memory, attention, and language.

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    Biopsychology

    A branch of psychology that examines how the brain and nervous system influence behavior and mental processes.

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    Health Psychology

    A branch of Psychology that studies the influence of psychological and behavioral factors on individual health and well-being.

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    Developmental Psychology

    A branch of psychology that studies the physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation.

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    Social Psychology

    A branch of psychology that looks at how individuals interact and relate with others and how such interactions can affect behavior.

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    Evolutionary Psychology

    A branch of psychology that views human cognition and behavior in a broadly Darwinian context of adaptation to evolving physical and social environments and new intellectual challenges.

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    Forensic Psychology

    A branch of psychology dealing with all aspects of the criminal justice system.

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    Clinical Psychology

    A branch that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior.

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    Counseling Psychology

    A branch that focuses on helping people change something in their lives, or simply explore their thoughts and feelings in more depth.

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    Experimental Psychology

    A branch of psychology that uses scientific methods to study the mind and behavior.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 1: Intro to Psych

    • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
    • It combines the Greek words "psyche" (soul) and "logos" (discursive knowledge).
    • Psychology has a long history but a relatively short scientific one.
    • The goal of psych is to understand and apply principles to human behavior

    Agenda for Today

    • Defining psychology
    • Brief history of psychology
    • The cognitive revolution
    • Various fields of psychology

    Before We Start

    • Different approaches to psychology (structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalytic theory, behaviorism, Gestalt, humanism) should be understood conceptually and applied to specific examples.
    • Current approaches to psychology (biopsychology, evolutionary psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, social psychology, industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology, health psychology, sports and exercise psychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, and forensic psychology) will be emphasized.

    Further Topics

    • Dreams
    • Baby perception
    • Mood swings vs. psychological disorders
    • Memory formation

    Defining Psychology: Deeper Dive

    • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
    • "Behavior" refers to observable actions, while "mental processes" encompass internal states like thoughts, emotions, and feelings.
    • These internal processes can be inferred and examined through scientific measurement.

    A Brief History of Psychology

    • Key Schools of Thought and their Notable Figures are presented. Major schools include:
      • Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt, introspection)
      • Functionalism (William James, influenced by Darwin, focusing on mental processes to enable adaptation)
      • Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud, unconscious conflicts)
      • Behaviorism (Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, observable behavior)
      • Gestalt (Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka, perception)
      • Humanism (Maslow, Rogers, potential for growth)

    Understanding Structuralism

    • Wundt and introspection: Focused on breaking down consciousness into basic elements through self-examination of sensations, feelings, and images
    • Introspection was a method of examining one's own conscious experience, breaking it down into component parts
    • Example: Describing the sensation of seeing a red apple (color, shape, texture)

    Understanding Functionalism

    • James' emphasis on the function of mental processes: How the mind adapts to environmental changes, enabling survival and well-being. Focus moved more to observable behaviors influenced by the environment.
    • Example of Functionalism: Fear response helping individuals avoid danger.

    Understanding the Cognitive Revolution

    • After 1960s, psychologists began moving away from behaviorism toward focus on mental processes like memory, language and problem-solving, understanding how humans acquire, store, and use knowledge.
    • Key figure: Noam Chomsky, who emphasized mental functioning in understanding human behavior.

    Branches of Psychology

    • Biopsychology (nervous system and behavior)
    • Health psychology (influence of behavior on health)
    • Sports and exercise psychology (psychological factors in sports)
    • Clinical psychology (diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders)
    • Counseling psychology (helping people cope with everyday problems)
    • Cognitive psychology (mental processes like thinking)
    • Developmental psychology (physical, cognitive, and social changes across lifespan)
    • Social psychology (human interaction)
    • Evolutionary psychology
    • Forensic psychology (legal system)
    • Industrial/Organizational psychology (workplace)
    • Personality psychology (individual traits)

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 1 - Intro to Psych PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of psychology in this quiz based on Chapter 1. Learn about its definition, history, various approaches, and the cognitive revolution. This quiz presents key principles that apply to human behavior and various fields of psychology.

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