Questions and Answers
What does the term psychology literally mean?
What is one of the primary goals of psychology?
Which approach considers biological, psychological, and social factors in psychology?
Who were the physicians that developed the biopsychosocial approach?
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What does the 'control' aspect of psychology aim to achieve?
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What was an ancient method used to address psychological problems?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four goals of psychology?
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The symbol for psychology is derived from which Greek letter?
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Which philosopher is known for the concept of 'tabula rasa'?
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What is the significance of Wilhelm Wundt in the field of psychology?
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What was René Descartes' contribution to psychology?
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Which concept is associated with Ernst Heinrich Weber?
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What does structuralism primarily aim to uncover?
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Who is credited with early contributions to comparative psychology?
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Which philosopher is noted for their skills in introspection?
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Which school of thought does Wilhelm Wundt represent?
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What was a significant rejection made by Aristotle concerning innate ideas?
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Which of the following contributions is Franz Gall known for?
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Study Notes
Definition of Psychology
- Coined from Greek words “psyche” (soul) and “logos” (study), defining psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
- The symbol for psychology, ‘psi’, represents the mind or soul, reflecting the discipline's focus.
Goals of Psychology
- Aim to understand human behavior:
- Understand why people behave in certain ways.
- Explain how behavior is influenced by environmental events.
- Predict behaviors by identifying conditions under which they may occur.
- Control or modify behavior to prevent negative outcomes.
- Adoption of the biopsychosocial approach considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and behavior.
Historical Roots of Psychology
- Ancient beliefs attributed psychological problems to evil spirits, leading to practices like trephining (skull chipping).
- Influential figures in psychology's development:
- Aristotle: Focused on the mind's study, rejecting innate ideas.
- John Locke: Popularized the "tabula rasa" concept, suggesting that individuals are born without innate ideas.
- St. Augustine: Noted for introspection and curiosity about psychological phenomena.
- René Descartes: Introduced the concept of reflex action linking physiology and psychology.
Modern Developments
- Wilhelm Wundt: Known as the "Father of Modern Psychology," he established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
- Franz Gall: Pioneered the idea of localizing brain functions.
- Ernst Heinrich Weber: Developed Weber’s Law, stating noticeable differences are a constant proportion of the original stimulus.
- Charles Darwin: Introduced the theory of evolution, influencing comparative psychology between humans and animals.
Schools of Thought
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Structuralism:
- Proponent: Wilhelm Wundt.
- Focus: Identifies fundamental components of consciousness, perception, and emotion, answering "what is the event/behavior?"
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Description
Discover the fundamental concepts of psychology, tracing its origins from the Greek words 'psyche' and 'logos'. This quiz delves into the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, alongside the symbolism and definitions connected to the discipline.
