Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which definition accurately describes psychology?
Which definition accurately describes psychology?
What is the primary focus of applied research in psychology?
What is the primary focus of applied research in psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main goals of psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main goals of psychology?
Which goal of psychology involves understanding why a behavior occurs?
Which goal of psychology involves understanding why a behavior occurs?
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What differentiates a psychologist from a psychiatrist?
What differentiates a psychologist from a psychiatrist?
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Which type of psychologist would be most likely to assist students with academic difficulties?
Which type of psychologist would be most likely to assist students with academic difficulties?
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Which psychologist is most likely to work with the criminal justice system?
Which psychologist is most likely to work with the criminal justice system?
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What do psychologists need to follow to ensure ethical standards in their research?
What do psychologists need to follow to ensure ethical standards in their research?
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Which area of psychology studies how the environment influences individual behaviors?
Which area of psychology studies how the environment influences individual behaviors?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four main goals of psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main goals of psychology?
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What primary focus does a developmental psychologist have?
What primary focus does a developmental psychologist have?
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What aspect does basic research focus on?
What aspect does basic research focus on?
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What does critical thinking in psychology primarily involve?
What does critical thinking in psychology primarily involve?
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Which type of psychologist focuses on workplace behavior and employee relationships?
Which type of psychologist focuses on workplace behavior and employee relationships?
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What type of psychologist is likely to help athletes improve their performance?
What type of psychologist is likely to help athletes improve their performance?
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Which of the following represents the control goal in psychology?
Which of the following represents the control goal in psychology?
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Which principle emphasizes the need for informed consent and basic human rights?
Which principle emphasizes the need for informed consent and basic human rights?
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What does responsible caring focus on in the context of ethical research?
What does responsible caring focus on in the context of ethical research?
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Integrity in relationships requires researchers to avoid which of the following?
Integrity in relationships requires researchers to avoid which of the following?
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Which principle includes considerations for the benefits and risks to research participants?
Which principle includes considerations for the benefits and risks to research participants?
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The requirement for researchers to justify any deception involves which principle?
The requirement for researchers to justify any deception involves which principle?
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Which ethical principle focuses on societal implications of research?
Which ethical principle focuses on societal implications of research?
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Which of the following aspects is NOT included in respect for the dignity of persons?
Which of the following aspects is NOT included in respect for the dignity of persons?
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How is privacy related to the principle of respect for the dignity of persons?
How is privacy related to the principle of respect for the dignity of persons?
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What is the purpose of debriefing in psychological research?
What is the purpose of debriefing in psychological research?
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Which principle of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists focuses on the responsibility toward society?
Which principle of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists focuses on the responsibility toward society?
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What do psychologists do when their observations do not adequately explain a theory?
What do psychologists do when their observations do not adequately explain a theory?
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Which principle is NOT part of enhancing critical thinking skills?
Which principle is NOT part of enhancing critical thinking skills?
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The guidelines provided by the Canadian Council on Animal Care are meant to ensure what?
The guidelines provided by the Canadian Council on Animal Care are meant to ensure what?
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What aspect of critical thinking involves examining the definitions of terms?
What aspect of critical thinking involves examining the definitions of terms?
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When psychological research cannot be performed on humans, which ethical guideline is followed?
When psychological research cannot be performed on humans, which ethical guideline is followed?
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Which of the following actions would be considered a violation of ethical research practices?
Which of the following actions would be considered a violation of ethical research practices?
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Study Notes
Definition and Scope of Psychology
- Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
- The field encompasses a wide range of specialties and career paths, indicating its diversity.
Key Distinctions between Psychologists and Psychiatrists
- Psychologists focus on research and therapeutic practices, typically holding a PhD or PsyD.
- Psychiatrists are medical doctors (MDs) who can prescribe medications and focus on medical treatment of mental disorders.
Career Opportunities in Psychology
- Clinical psychologists diagnose and treat psychological disorders.
- Counseling psychologists assist individuals with adjustment problems but typically not severe disorders.
- Educational psychologists work with schools to aid students facing challenges affecting their academic success.
- Developmental psychologists research changes across the lifespan in various domains (biosocial, cognitive, psychosocial).
- Personality psychologists study and measure human traits and characteristics.
- Social psychologists investigate individual behaviors in social contexts and how societal influences affect these behaviors.
- Environmental psychologists examine the impact of natural and human-made environments on behavior.
- Experimental psychologists focus on fundamental processes like sensation, perception, and the nervous system.
- Industrial/organizational psychologists explore the connections between people and their work environments.
- Cognitive psychologists delve into mental processes such as thinking and memory.
- Health psychologists study how psychological factors influence physical health.
- Sports psychologists provide strategies to improve athletic performance.
- Forensic psychologists interface psychology with the criminal justice system.
Research in Psychology: Basic vs. Applied
- Basic research, or pure research, seeks knowledge for its own sake and focuses on theoretical approaches.
- Applied research takes theories and applies them to solve real-world problems.
Four Main Goals of Psychology
- Describe behaviors and mental processes accurately.
- Explain the reasons why certain behaviors or mental processes occur.
- Predict when and why specific behaviors will occur in the future.
- Control behaviors by demonstrating cause and effect relationships.
Ethical Principles in Psychological Research
- Ethical standards established by the Canadian Psychological Association guide research on human and animal participants.
- Principles include:
- Respect for dignity: Ensures fairness, informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality.
- Responsible caring: Emphasizes minimizing risks and maximizing benefits for participants.
- Integrity in relationships: Focuses on honesty and avoiding conflicts of interest; requires debriefing when deception is involved.
- Responsibility to society: Encourages research that promotes societal respect and development.
Ethics of Research with Animals
- Research involving animals follows strict guidelines outlined by the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC).
- Care for animals in research is imperative and must meet high ethical standards.
Theoretical Frameworks in Psychology
- Theories are sets of proposed statements explaining relationships or principles related to observed behavior.
- Psychologists revise or replace theories when they do not sufficiently explain observations.
Critical Thinking in Psychology
- Critical thinking involves a thoughtful analysis of questions, statements, and arguments.
- It is characterized by skepticism, reliance on evidence, and caution in drawing conclusions.
- Principles of critical thinking include:
- Insisting on evidence.
- Examining definitions and assumptions.
- Avoiding oversimplification and over-generalization.
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Description
This quiz explores the definition and scope of psychology, as well as the key distinctions between psychologists and psychiatrists. Additionally, it covers various career opportunities available in the field of psychology, highlighting the diversity within this discipline.
