Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an operational definition?
What is an operational definition?
- A set of ethical guidelines followed in research.
- A theoretical framework that explains a phenomenon.
- A hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation.
- A specific, measurable definition of a concept used in research. (correct)
Which research design is best suited for establishing a causal relationship between variables?
Which research design is best suited for establishing a causal relationship between variables?
- Longitudinal research
- Qualitative research
- Experiments (correct)
- Correlational research
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the scientific mindset?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the scientific mindset?
- Humility
- Intuition (correct)
- Curiosity
- Skepticism
Which historical school of psychology emphasized the study of conscious experience through introspection?
Which historical school of psychology emphasized the study of conscious experience through introspection?
Which of the following ethical principles involves informing participants about the true nature of a study after their participation?
Which of the following ethical principles involves informing participants about the true nature of a study after their participation?
Flashcards
Psychology
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Empiricism
Empiricism
The theory that knowledge comes from sensory experience, not intuition or authority.
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to test its effects.
Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation vs. Causation
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APA Ethical Standards
APA Ethical Standards
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychological Science
- Psychology is defined and categorized into subfields
- Psychologists conduct various types of research and apply their knowledge to practical issues
Research Methods
- Scientific methodology emphasizes empiricism over intuition or authority
- The scientific method involves formulating theories and hypotheses, conducting research, and drawing conclusions
- Key components of the scientific mindset include curiosity, skepticism, and humility.
- Research ethics are crucial, including adherence to APA ethical standards (e.g., informed consent, deception, debriefing, confidentiality).
- Variables such as independent and dependent variables, and random assignment are crucial in the design of experiments to understand causality.
- Confounds (uncontrolled factors) can influence results, and participant demand and experimenter expectations can also affect outcomes.
- Concepts/constructs are abstract ideas that are operationalized (defined in terms of observable actions or measures)
- Correlational research explores relationships between variables (but does not establish causality) whereas experiments can establish causal relationships.
History of Psychology
- Major periods and perspectives within the history of psychology, including psychophysics, Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Cognitive Revolution, Humanistic Psychology, Gestalt Psychology, and Psychoanalytic perspectives are explored.
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