Introduction to Psycholinguistics

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of psycholinguistics?

  • Understanding the mechanics of speech production
  • Creating artificial intelligence that can mimic human language
  • Examining the role of language in shaping cognitive processes (correct)
  • Developing more efficient language learning methods

Which of the following is a direction of study in psycholinguistics?

  • The impact of language on social norms
  • The role of language in shaping cultural identity
  • The effects of psychological constraints on language use (correct)
  • The historical development of language

What is the term for the study of language acquisition in children?

  • Developmental psycholinguistics (correct)
  • Child language acquisition
  • Language development research
  • Developmental linguistics

What is the idea that we are born with an innate knowledge of language structure?

<p>Universal grammar (C)</p>
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What is the term for the learning and development of a person's language?

<p>Language acquisition (C)</p>
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Who is the psycholinguist who argues that elements of linguistic knowledge are innate?

<p>Steven Pinker (D)</p>
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What is the primary goal of understanding language acquisition in children?

<p>To understand the underlying mechanisms of language learning (D)</p>
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How does language influence cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

<p>Language influences memory, perception, attention, and learning (A)</p>
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What is the study of language acquisition in children also known as?

<p>Child psycholinguistics (A)</p>
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What is the relationship between language and cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

<p>Language influences cognitive processes (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

<p>To act as an encoder for language acquisition (D)</p>
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Which of the following theories of language acquisition is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by environmental factors?

<p>Behavioural Theory (C)</p>
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What is the common thread among the four main theories of language acquisition?

<p>They all attempt to explain the process of language acquisition (B)</p>
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What is the significance of the concept of universal grammar in Chomsky's theory?

<p>It implies that there are core characteristics of language that are consistent across all languages (A)</p>
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Which of the following theorists is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by cognitive processes?

<p>Jean Piaget (B)</p>
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What is the main difference between the Nativist Theory and the Behavioural Theory?

<p>The Nativist Theory proposes that language acquisition is primarily driven by innate abilities (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four main theories of language acquisition?

<p>Social Constructivist Theory (A)</p>
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What is the main focus of the Nativist Theory of language acquisition?

<p>The role of innate abilities in language acquisition (C)</p>
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Which of the following theorists is associated with the Behavioural Theory of language acquisition?

<p>BF Skinner (D)</p>
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What is the main purpose of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

<p>To encode linguistic knowledge into the brain (B)</p>
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At what age can children produce utterances such as 'baby chair' and 'mommy eat'?

<p>18-24 months (B)</p>
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What is a characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

<p>Receiving feedback confirming that the utterance worked (D)</p>
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What is a feature of telegraphic speech in 2-2.5 year olds?

<p>Developing sentence-building capacity and using simple prepositions (A)</p>
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At what age do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities improve?

<p>3 years (A)</p>
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What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 18-24 months?

<p>Understanding 5 times as many words as they can produce (D)</p>
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What is a feature of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

<p>Producing utterances with correct word order (B)</p>
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At what age do children start using grammatical inflections and simple prepositions?

<p>2-2.5 years (B)</p>
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What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

<p>Vocabulary growing rapidly (C)</p>
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What is a feature of holophrastic speech?

<p>Producing utterances with a single word or phrase (C)</p>
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At what stage do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities begin to develop rapidly?

<p>Telegraphic speech (A)</p>
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What is the primary characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

<p>Formation of complex expressions (C)</p>
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What is the term for the extension of a word's meaning to unrelated objects based on similarities of shape, sound, and size?

<p>Overextension (C)</p>
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What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

<p>Telegraphic speech (B)</p>
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What is the term for the gradual process of narrowing down the meaning of a word?

<p>Narrowing down (A)</p>
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What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

<p>Use of grammatical inflections and simple prepositions (C)</p>
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What is the primary mechanism by which children acquire language, according to the provided text?

<p>By trying out constructions and testing them. (C)</p>
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Which of the following inflectional morphemes appears first in children's language development?

<p>-ing. (C)</p>
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What is the characteristic of the child's language development in the example 'the owl eat candy and he run fast'?

<p>Incorrect use of verb tense. (D)</p>
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What is the primary characteristic of the first stage of forming questions in children's language development?

<p>Inserting where and who to the beginning of an expression with rising intonation. (D)</p>
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What is a characteristic of children's overgeneralization of inflectional morphemes?

<p>Applying morphemes to irregular words, resulting in incorrect forms. (B)</p>
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What is a characteristic of the errors made by a learner in the process of L2 development, according to the provided text?

<p>They are a sign that the learner is (perhaps unconsciously) exploring the new system. (B)</p>
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What is the procedure for analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

<p>Collection of a sample of learner language, identification of errors, description of errors, and evaluation of errors. (A)</p>
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What is a challenge of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p>
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What do errors in L2 development provide evidence of, according to the provided text?

<p>The system of language which a learner is using. (C)</p>
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What is the focus of the approach described in the provided text, as opposed to CA?

<p>Underlying rules. (C)</p>
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What do errors in L2 development reveal, according to the provided text?

<p>A window into the language learner's mind. (C)</p>
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What is the benefit of analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

<p>To identify the language system the learner is using. (A)</p>
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What is the difference between the approach described in the provided text and CA?

<p>CA focuses on surface-level forms, while the other approach focuses on underlying rules. (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of collecting a sample of learner language, as described in the provided text?

<p>To analyse learner errors. (B)</p>
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What is a limitation of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p>
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What is the primary focus of the Monitor Model?

<p>The distinction between learning and acquisition (B)</p>
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What is a key concept in the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The concept of comprehensible input in language teaching (C)</p>
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What is the main challenge of the Monitor Model approach?

<p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners (A)</p>
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What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition (D)</p>
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What is the role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the role of emotions in language learning (A)</p>
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What is the main difference between the Monitor Model and the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The Monitor Model emphasizes explicit grammar teaching, while the Input Hypothesis emphasizes comprehensible input (D)</p>
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What is the primary focus of the Acquisition-Learning Distinction?

<p>The distinction between language acquisition and language learning (B)</p>
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What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition (D)</p>
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What is the main challenge of the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners (A)</p>
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What is the primary role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

<p>To highlight the role of emotions in language learning (D)</p>
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What is the implication of Genie's case on the critical period hypothesis?

<p>It suggests that language acquisition is not limited to a specific age or specific brain areas. (C)</p>
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What is the significance of Genie's left ear advantage in dichotic listening tests?

<p>It suggests that language is processed in multiple areas of the brain. (C)</p>
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What is a distinctive feature of Genie's language development?

<p>She went through the same early stages as normal children. (A)</p>
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What is the implication of Genie's case on the concept of language localization?

<p>It raises questions about the notion of language localization. (A)</p>
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What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition?

<p>It challenges the notion of a critical period for language acquisition. (D)</p>
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What is the relationship between Genie's language abilities and her brain damage?

<p>Her language abilities are possible despite her brain damage. (D)</p>
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What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language processing?

<p>It supports the idea that language processing is a complex, distributed process. (D)</p>
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What is the significance of Genie's case in the context of psycholinguistics?

<p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and processing. (D)</p>
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What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language and the brain?

<p>It supports the idea that language is a complex, distributed process. (D)</p>
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What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition research?

<p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and suggests new avenues for research. (A)</p>
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What is a characteristic of fluency disorder in speech?

<p>Hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of nouns, syllables, words or phrases (A)</p>
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What is a common cause of voice disorders in children?

<p>Frequent vocal abuse (D)</p>
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What is an example of an articulation disorder?

<p>Substituting one sound for another, such as 'wabbit' for 'rabbit' (B)</p>
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What can be a consequence of vocal abuse in children?

<p>Formation of nodules and polyps on the vocal cords (C)</p>
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What is the characteristic of Broca's aphasia in terms of speech and writing?

<p>Hesitant speech with many stops and deficient intonation (B)</p>
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What is a characteristic of voice disorder?

<p>Inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness, resonance, or duration (A)</p>
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Which type of aphasia results from a lesion in Wernicke's area of the brain?

<p>Wernicke's aphasia (C)</p>
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What is the primary characteristic of Anomic aphasia?

<p>Difficulty finding the correct words to express oneself (A)</p>
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Which type of aphasia is characterized by the inability to read and write, despite normal speech and understanding?

<p>Alexia and agraphia (C)</p>
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What is the primary effect of Conduction aphasia on language abilities?

<p>Impaired sequencing and selection of phonological segments (D)</p>
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What is the primary function of child-directed speech in language acquisition?

<p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand (B)</p>
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What is the main idea behind Bruner's interactionist theory of language acquisition?

<p>Children develop language through social interaction and scaffolding (D)</p>
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What is the role of caregivers in language acquisition, according to the text?

<p>To use child-directed speech to facilitate language acquisition (D)</p>
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What is the term for the adaptation of language used by adults when speaking to young children?

<p>Child-directed speech (A)</p>
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What is the primary goal of caregivers when using child-directed speech?

<p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand (A)</p>
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What is the relationship between language acquisition and cognitive development, according to the text?

<p>Language acquisition and cognitive development are interconnected processes (B)</p>
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What is the significance of scaffolding in language acquisition, according to Bruner?

<p>It is a process of gradual learning and development that is critical for language acquisition (A)</p>
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What is the primary difference between child-directed speech and adult language?

<p>Child-directed speech is slower and more deliberate, while adult language is faster and more nuanced (C)</p>
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What is the significance of the four theories of language acquisition mentioned in the text?

<p>They provide a framework for understanding language acquisition, but are not mutually exclusive (A)</p>
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What is the primary characteristic of child-directed speech, according to the text?

<p>It is slower and more deliberate, with simpler sentence structures and more obvious intonations (D)</p>
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Flashcards

Psycholinguistics Focus

Examines language's role in shaping cognitive processes like memory and attention.

Psycholinguistics Study Direction

Studies how psychological factors influence language usage.

Developmental Psycholinguistics

The study of how children learn and develop language skills.

Universal Grammar

The idea that humans are born with innate knowledge of language structure.

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Language Acquisition

The process of learning and developing a person's language skills.

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Steven Pinker

Psycholinguist who posits innate linguistic knowledge.

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Goal: Understanding Child Language Acquisition

To determine the mechanics behind language learning.

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Language's Influence on Cognition

Language affects memory, perception, focus, and learning.

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Child Psycholinguistics

Another term for the study of how children acquire language.

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Language & Cognitive Processes Relationship

Language has an impact on cognitive processes.

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Function of Language Acquisition Device

Acts as the brain's language acquisition encoder.

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Behavioural Theory

Theory driven by environmental influences.

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Common Thread in Language Acquisition Theories

Each aims to describe the path of language acquisition.

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Significance of Universal Grammar

Core language traits are consistent across all languages.

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Jean Piaget

This theorist links language acquisition to cognitive growth.

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Main Difference: Nativist vs. Behavioural Theory

Nativist theory stresses innate language abilities.

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Main Focus: Nativist Theory

Focuses on inherent language capabilities

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Theorist: Behavioural Theory of Language Acquisition

Developed by B.F. Skinner.

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Purpose: Language Acquisition Device

To encode linguistic information into the brain.

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Language at 18-24 Months

Children produce two-word phrases like 'baby chair'.

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Two Word Stage Characteristic

Getting feedback confirming that the utterance worked

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Telegraphic Speech Feature

Developing sentence-building capacity and utilizing foundational prepositions.

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Language at age 3

Vocabulary and pronunciation improve

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Language acquisition at 18-24 months

Understanding five times more words than can be produced.

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Language Feature: 2-2.5 Years

Producing utterances with correct word order.

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Language Development at 2-2.5 Years

Using grammatical inflections and simple prepositions.

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Language acquisition at 3 years

Vocabulary grows rapidly

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Holophrastic Speech Feature

Producing utterances with a single word or phrase.

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Vocabulary Development Stage

Telegraphic speech.

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Related Documents

Lecture 5- Psycholinguistics PDF
Presentation1.pptx
Theories of Language Acquisition: Differences & Examples 2.docx
Part 1 & 2.pptx
developmental processes.pptx
PresentationPart1 2.pptx
PresentationPart2 2.pptx
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