Introduction to Psycholinguistics
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of psycholinguistics?

  • Understanding the mechanics of speech production
  • Creating artificial intelligence that can mimic human language
  • Examining the role of language in shaping cognitive processes (correct)
  • Developing more efficient language learning methods

Which of the following is a direction of study in psycholinguistics?

  • The impact of language on social norms
  • The role of language in shaping cultural identity
  • The effects of psychological constraints on language use (correct)
  • The historical development of language

What is the term for the study of language acquisition in children?

  • Developmental psycholinguistics (correct)
  • Child language acquisition
  • Language development research
  • Developmental linguistics

What is the idea that we are born with an innate knowledge of language structure?

<p>Universal grammar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the learning and development of a person's language?

<p>Language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the psycholinguist who argues that elements of linguistic knowledge are innate?

<p>Steven Pinker (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of understanding language acquisition in children?

<p>To understand the underlying mechanisms of language learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does language influence cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

<p>Language influences memory, perception, attention, and learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of language acquisition in children also known as?

<p>Child psycholinguistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between language and cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

<p>Language influences cognitive processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

<p>To act as an encoder for language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories of language acquisition is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by environmental factors?

<p>Behavioural Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common thread among the four main theories of language acquisition?

<p>They all attempt to explain the process of language acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of universal grammar in Chomsky's theory?

<p>It implies that there are core characteristics of language that are consistent across all languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorists is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by cognitive processes?

<p>Jean Piaget (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Nativist Theory and the Behavioural Theory?

<p>The Nativist Theory proposes that language acquisition is primarily driven by innate abilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main theories of language acquisition?

<p>Social Constructivist Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Nativist Theory of language acquisition?

<p>The role of innate abilities in language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorists is associated with the Behavioural Theory of language acquisition?

<p>BF Skinner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

<p>To encode linguistic knowledge into the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can children produce utterances such as 'baby chair' and 'mommy eat'?

<p>18-24 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

<p>Receiving feedback confirming that the utterance worked (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of telegraphic speech in 2-2.5 year olds?

<p>Developing sentence-building capacity and using simple prepositions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities improve?

<p>3 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 18-24 months?

<p>Understanding 5 times as many words as they can produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

<p>Producing utterances with correct word order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children start using grammatical inflections and simple prepositions?

<p>2-2.5 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

<p>Vocabulary growing rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of holophrastic speech?

<p>Producing utterances with a single word or phrase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities begin to develop rapidly?

<p>Telegraphic speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

<p>Formation of complex expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the extension of a word's meaning to unrelated objects based on similarities of shape, sound, and size?

<p>Overextension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

<p>Telegraphic speech (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual process of narrowing down the meaning of a word?

<p>Narrowing down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

<p>Use of grammatical inflections and simple prepositions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which children acquire language, according to the provided text?

<p>By trying out constructions and testing them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inflectional morphemes appears first in children's language development?

<p>-ing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the child's language development in the example 'the owl eat candy and he run fast'?

<p>Incorrect use of verb tense. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the first stage of forming questions in children's language development?

<p>Inserting where and who to the beginning of an expression with rising intonation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of children's overgeneralization of inflectional morphemes?

<p>Applying morphemes to irregular words, resulting in incorrect forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the errors made by a learner in the process of L2 development, according to the provided text?

<p>They are a sign that the learner is (perhaps unconsciously) exploring the new system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure for analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

<p>Collection of a sample of learner language, identification of errors, description of errors, and evaluation of errors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do errors in L2 development provide evidence of, according to the provided text?

<p>The system of language which a learner is using. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the approach described in the provided text, as opposed to CA?

<p>Underlying rules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do errors in L2 development reveal, according to the provided text?

<p>A window into the language learner's mind. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

<p>To identify the language system the learner is using. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the approach described in the provided text and CA?

<p>CA focuses on surface-level forms, while the other approach focuses on underlying rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting a sample of learner language, as described in the provided text?

<p>To analyse learner errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Monitor Model?

<p>The distinction between learning and acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concept in the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The concept of comprehensible input in language teaching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge of the Monitor Model approach?

<p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the role of emotions in language learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Monitor Model and the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The Monitor Model emphasizes explicit grammar teaching, while the Input Hypothesis emphasizes comprehensible input (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Acquisition-Learning Distinction?

<p>The distinction between language acquisition and language learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

<p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge of the Input Hypothesis?

<p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

<p>To highlight the role of emotions in language learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Genie's case on the critical period hypothesis?

<p>It suggests that language acquisition is not limited to a specific age or specific brain areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Genie's left ear advantage in dichotic listening tests?

<p>It suggests that language is processed in multiple areas of the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of Genie's language development?

<p>She went through the same early stages as normal children. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Genie's case on the concept of language localization?

<p>It raises questions about the notion of language localization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition?

<p>It challenges the notion of a critical period for language acquisition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Genie's language abilities and her brain damage?

<p>Her language abilities are possible despite her brain damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language processing?

<p>It supports the idea that language processing is a complex, distributed process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Genie's case in the context of psycholinguistics?

<p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language and the brain?

<p>It supports the idea that language is a complex, distributed process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition research?

<p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and suggests new avenues for research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fluency disorder in speech?

<p>Hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of nouns, syllables, words or phrases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of voice disorders in children?

<p>Frequent vocal abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an articulation disorder?

<p>Substituting one sound for another, such as 'wabbit' for 'rabbit' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of vocal abuse in children?

<p>Formation of nodules and polyps on the vocal cords (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Broca's aphasia in terms of speech and writing?

<p>Hesitant speech with many stops and deficient intonation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of voice disorder?

<p>Inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness, resonance, or duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia results from a lesion in Wernicke's area of the brain?

<p>Wernicke's aphasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Anomic aphasia?

<p>Difficulty finding the correct words to express oneself (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia is characterized by the inability to read and write, despite normal speech and understanding?

<p>Alexia and agraphia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Conduction aphasia on language abilities?

<p>Impaired sequencing and selection of phonological segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of child-directed speech in language acquisition?

<p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Bruner's interactionist theory of language acquisition?

<p>Children develop language through social interaction and scaffolding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caregivers in language acquisition, according to the text?

<p>To use child-directed speech to facilitate language acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the adaptation of language used by adults when speaking to young children?

<p>Child-directed speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of caregivers when using child-directed speech?

<p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between language acquisition and cognitive development, according to the text?

<p>Language acquisition and cognitive development are interconnected processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of scaffolding in language acquisition, according to Bruner?

<p>It is a process of gradual learning and development that is critical for language acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between child-directed speech and adult language?

<p>Child-directed speech is slower and more deliberate, while adult language is faster and more nuanced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the four theories of language acquisition mentioned in the text?

<p>They provide a framework for understanding language acquisition, but are not mutually exclusive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of child-directed speech, according to the text?

<p>It is slower and more deliberate, with simpler sentence structures and more obvious intonations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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