Introduction to Psycholinguistics
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Introduction to Psycholinguistics

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of psycholinguistics?

  • Understanding the mechanics of speech production
  • Creating artificial intelligence that can mimic human language
  • Examining the role of language in shaping cognitive processes (correct)
  • Developing more efficient language learning methods

    • Which of the following is a direction of study in psycholinguistics?

  • The impact of language on social norms
  • The role of language in shaping cultural identity
  • The effects of psychological constraints on language use (correct)
  • The historical development of language

    • What is the term for the study of language acquisition in children?

  • Developmental psycholinguistics (correct)
  • Child language acquisition
  • Language development research
  • Developmental linguistics

    • What is the idea that we are born with an innate knowledge of language structure?

    <p>Universal grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the learning and development of a person's language?

    <p>Language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the psycholinguist who argues that elements of linguistic knowledge are innate?

    <p>Steven Pinker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of understanding language acquisition in children?

    <p>To understand the underlying mechanisms of language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does language influence cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

    <p>Language influences memory, perception, attention, and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of language acquisition in children also known as?

    <p>Child psycholinguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between language and cognitive processes, according to psycholinguistics?

    <p>Language influences cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

    <p>To act as an encoder for language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories of language acquisition is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by environmental factors?

    <p>Behavioural Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common thread among the four main theories of language acquisition?

    <p>They all attempt to explain the process of language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept of universal grammar in Chomsky's theory?

    <p>It implies that there are core characteristics of language that are consistent across all languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theorists is associated with the idea that language acquisition is primarily driven by cognitive processes?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Nativist Theory and the Behavioural Theory?

    <p>The Nativist Theory proposes that language acquisition is primarily driven by innate abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four main theories of language acquisition?

    <p>Social Constructivist Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Nativist Theory of language acquisition?

    <p>The role of innate abilities in language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theorists is associated with the Behavioural Theory of language acquisition?

    <p>BF Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the language acquisition device in Chomsky's theory?

    <p>To encode linguistic knowledge into the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can children produce utterances such as 'baby chair' and 'mommy eat'?

    <p>18-24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

    <p>Receiving feedback confirming that the utterance worked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of telegraphic speech in 2-2.5 year olds?

    <p>Developing sentence-building capacity and using simple prepositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities improve?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 18-24 months?

    <p>Understanding 5 times as many words as they can produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

    <p>Producing utterances with correct word order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children start using grammatical inflections and simple prepositions?

    <p>2-2.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

    <p>Vocabulary growing rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of holophrastic speech?

    <p>Producing utterances with a single word or phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do children's vocabulary and pronunciation abilities begin to develop rapidly?

    <p>Telegraphic speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the two-word stage of language acquisition?

    <p>Formation of complex expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the extension of a word's meaning to unrelated objects based on similarities of shape, sound, and size?

    <p>Overextension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 2-2.5 years?

    <p>Telegraphic speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual process of narrowing down the meaning of a word?

    <p>Narrowing down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of language acquisition at 3 years?

    <p>Use of grammatical inflections and simple prepositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which children acquire language, according to the provided text?

    <p>By trying out constructions and testing them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inflectional morphemes appears first in children's language development?

    <p>-ing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the child's language development in the example 'the owl eat candy and he run fast'?

    <p>Incorrect use of verb tense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the first stage of forming questions in children's language development?

    <p>Inserting where and who to the beginning of an expression with rising intonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of children's overgeneralization of inflectional morphemes?

    <p>Applying morphemes to irregular words, resulting in incorrect forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the errors made by a learner in the process of L2 development, according to the provided text?

    <p>They are a sign that the learner is (perhaps unconsciously) exploring the new system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure for analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

    <p>Collection of a sample of learner language, identification of errors, description of errors, and evaluation of errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do errors in L2 development provide evidence of, according to the provided text?

    <p>The system of language which a learner is using.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the approach described in the provided text, as opposed to CA?

    <p>Underlying rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do errors in L2 development reveal, according to the provided text?

    <p>A window into the language learner's mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of analysing learner errors, as described in the provided text?

    <p>To identify the language system the learner is using.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the approach described in the provided text and CA?

    <p>CA focuses on surface-level forms, while the other approach focuses on underlying rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting a sample of learner language, as described in the provided text?

    <p>To analyse learner errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the EA approach, as mentioned in the provided text?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Monitor Model?

    <p>The distinction between learning and acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept in the Input Hypothesis?

    <p>The concept of comprehensible input in language teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge of the Monitor Model approach?

    <p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

    <p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

    <p>To identify the role of emotions in language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Monitor Model and the Input Hypothesis?

    <p>The Monitor Model emphasizes explicit grammar teaching, while the Input Hypothesis emphasizes comprehensible input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Acquisition-Learning Distinction?

    <p>The distinction between language acquisition and language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Natural Order Hypothesis?

    <p>To identify the natural order of language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge of the Input Hypothesis?

    <p>The difficulty of providing comprehensible input to learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?

    <p>To highlight the role of emotions in language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Genie's case on the critical period hypothesis?

    <p>It suggests that language acquisition is not limited to a specific age or specific brain areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Genie's left ear advantage in dichotic listening tests?

    <p>It suggests that language is processed in multiple areas of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of Genie's language development?

    <p>She went through the same early stages as normal children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Genie's case on the concept of language localization?

    <p>It raises questions about the notion of language localization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition?

    <p>It challenges the notion of a critical period for language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Genie's language abilities and her brain damage?

    <p>Her language abilities are possible despite her brain damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language processing?

    <p>It supports the idea that language processing is a complex, distributed process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Genie's case in the context of psycholinguistics?

    <p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Genie's case on the understanding of language and the brain?

    <p>It supports the idea that language is a complex, distributed process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Genie's language development in the context of language acquisition research?

    <p>It challenges traditional notions of language acquisition and suggests new avenues for research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fluency disorder in speech?

    <p>Hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of nouns, syllables, words or phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of voice disorders in children?

    <p>Frequent vocal abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an articulation disorder?

    <p>Substituting one sound for another, such as 'wabbit' for 'rabbit'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of vocal abuse in children?

    <p>Formation of nodules and polyps on the vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Broca's aphasia in terms of speech and writing?

    <p>Hesitant speech with many stops and deficient intonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of voice disorder?

    <p>Inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness, resonance, or duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia results from a lesion in Wernicke's area of the brain?

    <p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Anomic aphasia?

    <p>Difficulty finding the correct words to express oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by the inability to read and write, despite normal speech and understanding?

    <p>Alexia and agraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Conduction aphasia on language abilities?

    <p>Impaired sequencing and selection of phonological segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of child-directed speech in language acquisition?

    <p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Bruner's interactionist theory of language acquisition?

    <p>Children develop language through social interaction and scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of caregivers in language acquisition, according to the text?

    <p>To use child-directed speech to facilitate language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptation of language used by adults when speaking to young children?

    <p>Child-directed speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of caregivers when using child-directed speech?

    <p>To simplify language to make it easier for children to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between language acquisition and cognitive development, according to the text?

    <p>Language acquisition and cognitive development are interconnected processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of scaffolding in language acquisition, according to Bruner?

    <p>It is a process of gradual learning and development that is critical for language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between child-directed speech and adult language?

    <p>Child-directed speech is slower and more deliberate, while adult language is faster and more nuanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the four theories of language acquisition mentioned in the text?

    <p>They provide a framework for understanding language acquisition, but are not mutually exclusive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of child-directed speech, according to the text?

    <p>It is slower and more deliberate, with simpler sentence structures and more obvious intonations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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