Introduction to Protists: Algae & Protozoa
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Questions and Answers

What pigment is responsible for the distinctive red color of red algae?

  • Carotene
  • Fucoxanthin
  • Chlorophyll
  • Phycoerythrin (correct)

    • What is a key feature of diatoms that distinguishes them from other unicellular algae?

  • They lack cellular structures.
  • They are mostly multicellular.
  • They have a silicon dioxide cell wall. (correct)
  • They have a soft cell wall.

    • What distinguishes protists from plants, animals, and fungi?

  • They are exclusively marine organisms.
  • They are eukaryotes that don't fit into the other kingdoms. (correct)
  • They only exhibit plant-like characteristics.
  • They are all unicellular organisms.

    • Which of the following groups of algae is primarily found in marine environments?

    <p>Red algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment is primarily used by green algae to capture light for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the class of protists known as 'flagellates'?

    <p>They possess flagella for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ecological role of diatoms in aquatic environments?

    <p>They serve as the basis of aquatic food chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is commonly found in the cell walls of green algae?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of movement do amoebas utilize to change shape and move?

    <p>Pseudopod extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction do ciliates perform to transition between different life stages?

    <p>Alternation between trophozoite and cyst stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the classification of protists complicated?

    <p>There is no universally accepted classification system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for describing different types of protists?

    <p>By their motility structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes dinoflagellates that can switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic modes?

    <p>Mixotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following causes red tides in marine environments?

    <p>Dinoflagellates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of flagellates in the Excavata group?

    <p>They primarily switch to a cyst form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of apicomplexans?

    <p>They can alternate between multiple forms during their lifecycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pigments play in photosynthetic protists?

    <p>They assist in capturing light for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sea kelp from other types of algae?

    <p>It has a complex multicellular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the apical complex found in apicomplexans?

    <p>Puncturing host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is mentioned as an example of an apicomplexan?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hosts does Plasmodium undergo sexual reproduction?

    <p>In mosquitoes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of motility structures in protists?

    <p>To aid in locomotion or feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the lifecycles of apicomplexans?

    <p>They often require multiple hosts to complete their lifecycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about Plasmodium's reproduction?

    <p>It requires both sexual and asexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is not a protist, as mentioned in the provided content?

    <p>Cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of protists with their descriptions:

    <p>Green Algae = Photosynthetic and cell walls made of cellulose Amoeba = Uses pseudopodia for movement and feeding Diatoms = Unicellular algae with silica cell walls Ciliates = Protists with numerous hair-like structures for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of pigment with the respective algae group:

    <p>Chlorophyll = Green Algae Phycoerythrin = Red Algae Fucoxanthin = Brown Algae Carotenoids = Golden Brown Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the motility structure with its protist group:

    <p>Flagella = Flagellates Cilia = Ciliates Pseudopodia = Amoebas None = Sporozoans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the defining feature of protists with their group:

    <p>Photosynthetic = Plant-like Algae Heterotrophic = Animal-like Protozoa Mixotrophic = Dinoflagellates Pathogenic = Apicomplexans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell wall material with the protist group:

    <p>Cellulose = Green Algae Silica = Diatoms Chitin = Some Fungi-like Protists Alginic Acid = Brown Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each characteristic with the corresponding group of protists:

    <p>Motility via flagella = Flagellates Complex lifecycle = Apicomplexans Chlorophyll present = Green Algae Cilia used for feeding = Ciliates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the algae type with its typical habitat:

    <p>Green Algae = Freshwater environments Red Algae = Marine environments Brown Algae = Coastal waters Golden Brown Algae = Fresh and marine waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protists with their ecological roles:

    <p>Diatoms = Primary producers in aquatic ecosystems Ciliates = Microbial grazers Red Algae = Coraline algae contributing to reef structures Dinoflagellates = Causers of red tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of reproduction with the protist group:

    <p>Asexual reproduction = Amoebas Sexual reproduction = Ciliates Binary fission = Bacteria-like protists Alternation of generations = Some Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of algae with its distinctive feature:

    <p>Green Algae = Do not have true tissues like roots, stems, or leaves Red Algae = Contain phycoerythrins giving them a red color Brown Algae = Characterized by the pigment fucoxanthin Diatoms = Have silica-based cell walls forming a frustule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protist group with its movement mechanism:

    <p>Ciliates = Move using hair-like cilia Amoebas = Move by extending pseudopods Flagellates = Move using whip-like flagella Apicomplexans = Lack true motility but invade host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of algae with its typical habitat:

    <p>Green Algae = Found in fresh and marine waters Red Algae = Exclusively marine environments Brown Algae = Commonly found in coastal marine waters Diatoms = Found in all aquatic environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protist with its impact on the environment or humans:

    <p>Diatoms = Form the basis of aquatic food chains Dinoflagellates = Can cause red tides affecting marine life Flagellates = Some can cause diseases in humans Ciliates = Often present in freshwater samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of algae with its common usage:

    <p>Red Algae = Source of agar for food and medical products Brown Algae = Used as thickening agents for food Green Algae = Used as a biofuel source in research Diatoms = Used in filtering and abrasive products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of flagellate with its associated disease:

    <p>Giardia lamblia = Causes gastroenteritis Trichomonas vaginalis = Causes a sexually transmitted infection Trypanosoma cruzi = Causes Chagas' disease Plasmodium = Causes malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristic to the correct type of algae:

    <p>Green Algae = Can be unicellular or multicellular Red Algae = Contain chlorophyll and other pigments Brown Algae = Usually large and often referred to as seaweed Diatoms = Have symmetrical, box-like frustules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protist with its nutrition type:

    <p>Ciliates = Chemoheterotrophic Dinoflagellates = Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic Diatoms = Photosynthetic Apicomplexans = Parasitic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protist with its life stage:

    <p>Ciliates = Active trophozoite and dormant cyst stages Amoebas = Can alternate trophozoite and cyst stages Flagellates = Alternate forms between trophozoite and cyst Apicomplexans = Generally do not alternate life stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protists or organisms with their descriptions:

    <p>Vorticella = A sessile ciliate found in pond water samples Paramecium = A motile ciliate Spirogyra = Filamentous green algae Amoeba = A type of protist that changes shape and moves by extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions related to Plasmodium:

    <p>Asexual reproduction = Occurs in the human liver and red blood cells Sexual reproduction = Occurs in the mosquito host Lifecycle complexity = Alternates between multiple host species Malaria = Disease caused by Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organisms with their classification:

    <p>Cyanobacteria = Not a protist, common in pond samples Water flea = Not a protist, an aquatic crustacean Diatoms = Photosynthetic protists with silica cell walls Peranema = Flagellate from the Excavata group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organism features to their roles in aquatic environments:

    <p>Diatoms = Play a primary ecological role in oxygen production Green algae = Serve as primary producers in freshwater ecosystems Flagellated algae = Aid in nutrient cycling Ciliates = Help control bacterial populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions to the correct lifecycle stage of Plasmodium:

    <p>Sporozoite = Infective stage for the mosquito Merozoite = Stage that invades human red blood cells Gametocyte = Stage involved in sexual reproduction Trophozoite = Active feeding stage in the human host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of algae with their characteristics:

    <p>Green algae = Primarily found in freshwater environments Diatoms = Have silica-based cell walls Filamentous algae = Form strands or filaments Flagellated algae = Motile protists with flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of protist observation with their methods:

    <p>Samling pond water = Initial step in observing protists Making a wet mount = Preparation for microscopy Viewing under darkfield = Obtaining more contrast Identifying protists = Final analysis of observed life forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protist Overview

    • "Protist" refers to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.
    • Classified primarily into two groups: Plant-like Algae and Animal-like Protozoa, though many exceptions exist.
    • Includes a variety of organisms like sea kelp, pond scum, amoeba, and paramecium.
    • DNA sequencing has revealed significant diversity among protists, complicating their classification.

    Characteristics of Protists

    • Pigments: Photosynthetic protists utilize pigments to capture light. Green algae use chlorophyll, while others may have different pigments, giving rise to names like red or brown algae.
    • Cell Wall Construction: Protists have diverse cell wall compositions, often classified based on this characteristic.
    • Motility Structures: Many protists use structures like flagella or cilia for movement or feeding, categorized respectively as flagellates and ciliates.

    Subkingdom ALGAE

    • Green Algae (Chlorophyta):

      • Diverse group of photosynthetic, unicellular or multicellular organisms.
      • Store energy as starch and have cell walls made of cellulose.
      • Share significant DNA and characteristics with land plants.

    • Red Algae (Rhodophyta):

      • Contain red pigments (phycoerythrins) and chlorophyll.
      • Exclusively found in marine environments, particularly the intertidal zone.
      • Source of agar used in various media and food products.

    • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta):

      • Characterized by brown pigments (fucoxanthin) and large multicellular forms known as seaweed.
      • Important for ecological functions, particularly in marine environments such as kelp forests.

    • Diatoms:

      • Unicellular algae with silicon dioxide cell walls, resulting in unique shell-like frustules.
      • Crucial in aquatic food chains and used for filtration and abrasives (diatomaceous earth).
      • Their remains contribute to petroleum reserves when they die.

    • Dinoflagellates:

      • Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic, with unique flagellar structures that allow for whirling movement.
      • Can cause algal blooms (red tides) under favorable conditions, producing neurotoxins harmful to marine life and humans.

    Subkingdom PROTOZOA

    • Ciliates:

      • Chemoheterotrophic protists using cilia for movement and feeding.
      • Alternate between trophozoite (active) and cyst (dormant) stages, with Paramecium being a notable example.

    • Amoebas:

      • Unicellular and blob-like, closely related to animals.
      • Move through pseudopods, requiring significant cytoskeletal reorganization.

    • Flagellates (Excavata):

      • Unicellular and flagellated, with several including human pathogens like Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Trypanosoma cruzi.

    • Apicomplexans:

      • Primarily parasitic with complex life cycles requiring multiple hosts.
      • Example: Plasmodium, which causes malaria, alternating between mosquitoes and humans.

    Viewing Protist Communities

    • Future lab investigations will focus on protist diversity found in pond water samples.
    • Videos available for previews highlight sampling techniques and various protists including Paramecium, amoebas, and diatoms.

    Protist Overview

    • "Protist" refers to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.
    • Classified primarily into two groups: Plant-like Algae and Animal-like Protozoa, though many exceptions exist.
    • Includes a variety of organisms like sea kelp, pond scum, amoeba, and paramecium.
    • DNA sequencing has revealed significant diversity among protists, complicating their classification.

    Characteristics of Protists

    • Pigments: Photosynthetic protists utilize pigments to capture light. Green algae use chlorophyll, while others may have different pigments, giving rise to names like red or brown algae.
    • Cell Wall Construction: Protists have diverse cell wall compositions, often classified based on this characteristic.
    • Motility Structures: Many protists use structures like flagella or cilia for movement or feeding, categorized respectively as flagellates and ciliates.

    Subkingdom ALGAE

    • Green Algae (Chlorophyta):

      • Diverse group of photosynthetic, unicellular or multicellular organisms.
      • Store energy as starch and have cell walls made of cellulose.
      • Share significant DNA and characteristics with land plants.

    • Red Algae (Rhodophyta):

      • Contain red pigments (phycoerythrins) and chlorophyll.
      • Exclusively found in marine environments, particularly the intertidal zone.
      • Source of agar used in various media and food products.

    • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta):

      • Characterized by brown pigments (fucoxanthin) and large multicellular forms known as seaweed.
      • Important for ecological functions, particularly in marine environments such as kelp forests.

    • Diatoms:

      • Unicellular algae with silicon dioxide cell walls, resulting in unique shell-like frustules.
      • Crucial in aquatic food chains and used for filtration and abrasives (diatomaceous earth).
      • Their remains contribute to petroleum reserves when they die.

    • Dinoflagellates:

      • Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic, with unique flagellar structures that allow for whirling movement.
      • Can cause algal blooms (red tides) under favorable conditions, producing neurotoxins harmful to marine life and humans.

    Subkingdom PROTOZOA

    • Ciliates:

      • Chemoheterotrophic protists using cilia for movement and feeding.
      • Alternate between trophozoite (active) and cyst (dormant) stages, with Paramecium being a notable example.

    • Amoebas:

      • Unicellular and blob-like, closely related to animals.
      • Move through pseudopods, requiring significant cytoskeletal reorganization.

    • Flagellates (Excavata):

      • Unicellular and flagellated, with several including human pathogens like Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Trypanosoma cruzi.

    • Apicomplexans:

      • Primarily parasitic with complex life cycles requiring multiple hosts.
      • Example: Plasmodium, which causes malaria, alternating between mosquitoes and humans.

    Viewing Protist Communities

    • Future lab investigations will focus on protist diversity found in pond water samples.
    • Videos available for previews highlight sampling techniques and various protists including Paramecium, amoebas, and diatoms.

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    Explore the fascinating world of protists in this quiz! Learn about the fundamental differences between algae and protozoa, as well as the challenges in classifying these Eukaryotes. Test your knowledge on their characteristics, roles in ecosystems, and the exceptions that blur the lines between these categories.

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