Unit 2. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Simple, single-celled organisms lacking in nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells

Complex cells with a well-defined nucleus that encloses their genetic material, along with other membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotes is microscopic, typically _______

Eukaryotes is larger, ranging from ________

Single, circular chromosomes located in the cytoplasm, not enclosed in a nucleus.

Multiple linear chromosomes organized into a nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane

Control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating cellular activities.

Powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration

Found in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy

Network of membranes involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification.

Are responsible for protein synthesis, the process translating genetic information into functional proteins.

Are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, but both play a crucial role in protein production

Is essential for all cellular processes, from structural support to enzymatic activity

Reproduce through _____, a simple form of asexual reproduction.

Reproduce through _____, a more complex process involving nuclear division and cytokineses

What is the first evolutionary significance and adaptations

First life forms on earth, adapted to diverse environments.

Evolved from prokaryotic ancestors, enabling greater complexity and specialization

Understanding cell structure and function is crucial for developing new treatments for diseases

Genetic engineering and other biotechnological applications rely on knowledge of cellular processes.

Microbial diversity and their role in ecosystems are essential for understanding environmental processes

A genus eukaryotic

A genus of unicellular ciliated protozoa

A genus of unicellular flagellate

Found in freshwater, marine, and brackish water

A primary producer, eaten by other organism, and heterotroph

A genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria

Unicellular organism

People get infected by eating contaminated food