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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes 'programs' in the context of computer programming?
Which of the following best describes 'programs' in the context of computer programming?
- Directions that humans give to computers. (correct)
- The people who write code.
- The physical components of a computer.
- Special languages used to communicate with computers.
A programmer's primary task is to translate a problem into a set of instructions that a computer can execute.
A programmer's primary task is to translate a problem into a set of instructions that a computer can execute.
True (A)
Besides being employed, what other option do programmers have for their employment status?
Besides being employed, what other option do programmers have for their employment status?
freelance
The process of translating a computer solution into a language a computer can understand is known as ______.
The process of translating a computer solution into a language a computer can understand is known as ______.
Match each software developer trait with its description:
Match each software developer trait with its description:
Which programming language is considered the most direct way to communicate with a computer?
Which programming language is considered the most direct way to communicate with a computer?
Assembly language uses mnemonics to represent machine language instructions, making it easier to write code compared to using 0s and 1s.
Assembly language uses mnemonics to represent machine language instructions, making it easier to write code compared to using 0s and 1s.
What type of program is required to convert assembly language instructions into machine code?
What type of program is required to convert assembly language instructions into machine code?
The high-level languages are translated into 0s and 1s by using ______.
The high-level languages are translated into 0s and 1s by using ______.
Match the programming language with its specific programming category:
Match the programming language with its specific programming category:
What distinguishes object-oriented programming from procedure-oriented programming?
What distinguishes object-oriented programming from procedure-oriented programming?
A sequence structure is optional in computer programs, depending on the complexity of the task.
A sequence structure is optional in computer programs, depending on the complexity of the task.
Name an everyday life example used to describe an algorithm?
Name an everyday life example used to describe an algorithm?
A control structure that directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a condition is met is known as the ______ structure.
A control structure that directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a condition is met is known as the ______ structure.
Match the control structure:
Match the control structure:
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a characteristic of a good software developer?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a characteristic of a good software developer?
The primary difference between a computer programmer and a computer software engineer is that a programmer designs solutions, while an engineer codes them.
The primary difference between a computer programmer and a computer software engineer is that a programmer designs solutions, while an engineer codes them.
What is the term for symbols used in assembly language to represent machine language instructions?
What is the term for symbols used in assembly language to represent machine language instructions?
A ______ translates a program line by line as the program is running.
A ______ translates a program line by line as the program is running.
Match the language type with the correct example:
Match the language type with the correct example:
In the context of control structures, what is another term used for the selection structure?
In the context of control structures, what is another term used for the selection structure?
In a selection structure, instructions indented in the true path will not execute if 'the crossing signals are on'.
In a selection structure, instructions indented in the true path will not execute if 'the crossing signals are on'.
What is the term for a set of step-by-step instructions that accomplish a task?
What is the term for a set of step-by-step instructions that accomplish a task?
The repetition structure is commonly called ______ or looping.
The repetition structure is commonly called ______ or looping.
Match the example of code with the control structure:
Match the example of code with the control structure:
In Lab 1-1, which control structure is represented by 'repeat for (each customer buying a TV)'?
In Lab 1-1, which control structure is represented by 'repeat for (each customer buying a TV)'?
The algorithm in Lab 1-2 applies a 10% bonus to all salespeople, regardless of their sales amount.
The algorithm in Lab 1-2 applies a 10% bonus to all salespeople, regardless of their sales amount.
In Lab 1-3 what discount do customers receive if they are also store employees?
In Lab 1-3 what discount do customers receive if they are also store employees?
In Lab 1-4 Harold wants to sit down on the park bench, but his cat Ginger may or may not be already seated there. This requires ______ structure
In Lab 1-4 Harold wants to sit down on the park bench, but his cat Ginger may or may not be already seated there. This requires ______ structure
Match the programming activity with the type:
Match the programming activity with the type:
Flashcards
Programs
Programs
Directions humans give to computers.
Programmers
Programmers
People who create directions for computers.
Programming Languages
Programming Languages
Special languages used to communicate directions to a computer.
Typical Steps for Programmers
Typical Steps for Programmers
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Computer Software Engineer
Computer Software Engineer
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Coding
Coding
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Machine Language
Machine Language
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Mnemonics
Mnemonics
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Assembler
Assembler
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High-Level Languages
High-Level Languages
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Compiler
Compiler
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Interpreter
Interpreter
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Procedure-Oriented Programming
Procedure-Oriented Programming
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Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming
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Basic Control Structures
Basic Control Structures
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Sequence Structure
Sequence Structure
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Algorithm
Algorithm
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Selection Structure
Selection Structure
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Repetition Structure
Repetition Structure
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Study Notes
- This chapter introduces the basics of programming.
Programming a Computer
- Programs are directions given by humans to computers.
- Programmers are the individuals who create programs.
- Programming languages are specialized languages used to communicate directions to a computer.
The Programmer's Job
- Programmers aid in resolving computer-related issues.
- Programmers can work as employees or freelancers.
- Typical steps include:
- Meeting users to determine the problem.
- Converting the problem into a program.
- Testing the program.
- Providing a user manual.
Traits of a Software Developer
- Analytical Skills.
- Communication Skills.
- Creativity.
- Customer skills.
- Attention to Detail.
- Problem-solving Skills.
- Teamwork.
- Technical Prowess.
Employment Opportunities
- Computer software engineers design solutions to users' problems.
- Computer programmers write the code for computer solutions.
- Coding involves translating a computer solution into a language computers understand.
- Some roles require both engineering and programming skills.
History Of Programming Languages
- Programming languages can generally be split into four types:
- Machine languages.
- Assembly languages.
- High-level procedure-oriented.
- High-level object-oriented.
Machine Languages
- Early programmers wrote instructions using combinations of 0s and 1s (e.g., 0000 0101 1100 0000).
- Instructions written in 0s and 1s are considered machine language or code.
- Each computer type possesses its own machine language.
- Machine languages are the only way the computer can be communicated with.
- Programming in machine language is tedious, error-prone and requires extensive training.
Assembly Languages
- Assembly languages simplified coding compared to using 0s and 1s.
- Mnemonics are symbols representing machine language instructions (e.g., 00000101 vs. BALR).
- Assembly programs require an assembler to convert instructions into machine code.
- Assembly language is easier to write, but still tedious and requires training.
High-Level Languages
- High-level languages enable programmers to use English-like instructions (e.g., taxAmount = total * taxRate).
- Each high-level language instruction equates to multiple machine language instructions.
- Compilers translate high-level instructions into 0s and 1s (machine language).
- Interpreters translate the program line by line as the program runs.
- Procedure-oriented programming focuses on the tasks a program needs to perform like COBOL, BASIC and C.
- Object-oriented programming focuses on objects the program uses like C++, Visual Basic, Java and C#.
- Object-oriented programs allow creating reusable objects in multiple programs.
Control Structures
- All computer programs use three control structures: sequence, repetition, and selection.
- Control structures are also known as logic structures.
The Sequence Structure
- The sequence structure tells the computer process instructions in the order they are listed.
- An algorithm is a finite set of step-by-step instructions to complete a task.
Selection Structure
- The selection structure enables the computer to make decisions based on conditions.
- The selection structure allows the programmer to properly control logic flow.
- The selection structure is also known as the decision structure
- Examples include stopping or going at a signal light.
Repetition Structure
- The repetition structure, also iteration/looping, tells the computer to repeat instructions until a condition is met.
- Condition can be checked at the start or end of instructions set.
- This structure enables repeated processing of instructions with single entry.
Summary
- Programs are step-by-step instructions for computers to perform tasks.
- Programmers use programming languages to communicate with computers.
- The first programming languages used machine language.
- Assembly languages used mnemonics.
- High-level languages can create procedure-oriented or object-oriented programs.
- An algorithm is a set number of instructions to complete a task.
- The three control structures are sequence, selection, and repetition.
- The sequence structure directs the computer to process the program instructions
- The selection structure directs the computer to make a decision.
- The repetition structure directs the computer to repeat code until some criteria is met.
- Most programs use sequence structures
- Most contain both the selection and repetition structures.
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