Introduction to Programming Languages

What does the portability of high-level languages primarily allow?

Which of the following is NOT a popular high-level programming language?

What is the purpose of member functions in an object-oriented language like C++?

Which concept refers to controlling access to an object's data in object-oriented programming?

In the provided C++ program example, what is missing from the code to complete it?

What is the function of a compiler or interpreter in programming?

Which statement correctly characterizes machine language?

What are syntax errors in programming languages?

Which type of programming language is translated directly into machine language?

What is the primary purpose of operating systems in relation to programming languages?

Which of the following accurately describes assembly language?

What is a crucial requirement for high-level languages before they can be executed?

In programming, what does the term 'coding' refer to?

Introduction to Programming Languages

Programming languages enable communication with computers through written instructions.
Operating systems (OS), software that runs a computer, are created using programming languages.
Program code, the written instructions, is translated into machine language (binary code) by a compiler or interpreter.
Syntax errors, mistakes in using the language, are flagged by the compiler or interpreter.

Types of Programming Languages

Machine language: Also known as low-level language, it is unique to each computer's hardware and uses binary code (1s and 0s).
Assembly language: A mnemonic language using symbolic codes (ADD, SUB), translated into machine language by an assembler.
High-level language: Offers simplicity, uniformity, and portability (machine independence) and needs to be translated into machine language before execution.

The Object-Oriented Approach

Object-oriented programming combines data and functions operating on that data into a single unit called an object.
Member functions, the functions within an object, provide the only way to access its data.
Encapsulation, combining data and member functions, protects data from direct access.

### Basic Program Construction

A simple example, the program FIRST.CPP, demonstrates the core structure of a C++ program:
- #include <iostream>: This line brings in the standard input/output library, providing functionality for interacting with the user (like displaying output).
- using namespace std;: This line indicates the program will use elements from the standard namespace, simplifying code by avoiding the need to write std:: before certain elements.
- int main(): This marks the start of the main function, where the program execution begins.
- cout << "Hello, world!";: This line uses the cout object from the iostream library to print "Hello, world!" to the screen.
- return 0;: This line indicates the program executed successfully and returns a value of 0 to the operating system.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of programming languages, including types, syntax, and the transition from high-level to machine language. Additionally, it introduces the object-oriented approach and its significance in software development. Test your knowledge of these core principles and enhance your programming skills.