Object Oriented Programming Overview

Questions and Answers

What is object oriented programming?

OOP is a style of programming that involves creating abstract classes of objects with attributes and methods, allowing code reuse.

Which of the following are advantages of Object Oriented Programming? (Select all that apply)

Cheaper (correct)

Faster (correct)

Makes software maintenance easier (correct)

Requires less memory

What is the downside of Object Oriented Programming?

OOP has a steeper learning curve.

What are 5 OOP languages?

Python, C++, Go, Java, Ruby. Signup and view all the answers

How does OOP work?

We define classes and use them to instantiate objects. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'instantiate an object'?

It means creating an instance of an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is a method?

A method is a special type of function that belongs to a class or an object. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of a class using the example of 'Cat'.

Class 'Cat' refers to the general concept of a cat which includes attributes like name, age, and color. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of an object using the example of 'porridge'.

'Porridge' is a specific instance of the class 'Cat' with individual attributes. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize classes and objects.

Classes are code templates that can be instantiated to create objects, which have member variables and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the keyword to create a class?

class Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you print an object?

If you print an object, the location of the object in the RAM will be printed. Signup and view all the answers

Conventionally, how are classes and objects written?

Classes begin with an uppercase letter, and objects begin with a lowercase letter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a constructor?

A constructor is a special method used to create/initialize an object from a class definition. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of method do we use to create a constructor?

A 'double underscore method' or 'dunder method'. Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntax for writing a constructor method within a class?

class Example: def init(self) Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntax for writing a constructor method that defines some specific attributes?

class Cat: def init(self, name, age): self.name = name; self.age = age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntax to instantiate a class which has defined attributes?

porridge = Cat('Porridge', 3) Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntax to include a method in a class?

class Cat: def meow(self): print('Meow!') Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

OOP is a programming style centered on objects that encapsulate data and functionality.
A class serves as a blueprint for creating objects, while an object represents a specific instance of that class.
OOP enables code reuse and can model real-world entities and relationships, such as ATM machines or companies with employees.
Process Oriented Programming focuses on actions and logic instead of objects and data.

Advantages of OOP

Faster development and execution times.
Cost-efficient due to reduced maintenance efforts.
Facilitates easier software maintenance, leading to higher quality software output.

Disadvantages of OOP

Steeper learning curve compared to other programming paradigms.

OOP Languages

Common OOP languages include Python, C++, Go, Java, and Ruby.

How OOP Works

Classes are defined, which are then used to instantiate objects that combine both data and behavior.

Instantiating an Object

Instantiating an object involves creating a specific instance of a class, for example:
```
class Cat:
    pass
porridge = Cat()
```

Methods in OOP

A method is a function that is associated with a class or an object, providing behaviors specific to that class or instance.

Class Concept with Example

The 'Cat' class represents general attributes and methods applicable to all cats, such as name, age, color (attributes) and meowing (method).

Object Concept with Example

'porridge' is a specific instance of the 'Cat' class, possessing its own attributes:
- name = 'Porridge'
- age = '3'
- color = 'cream'
Different objects can possess unique attributes but share the same methods.

Summary of Classes and Objects

Classes act as templates for creating objects, which have associated member variables and behaviors.

Class Creation in Python

The class keyword is used to define a class, e.g.:
```
class Dog:
    pass
```

Printing an Object

Printing an object reveals its memory location in RAM rather than its attributes or methods.

Naming Conventions

Classes are conventionally capitalized, while objects begin with lowercase letters.

Constructors in OOP

A constructor is a special method used to initialize a newly created object from a class definition.

Constructor Method Type

Constructors are referred to as 'dunder methods' or double underscore methods because they start with double underscores.

Constructor Syntax

The syntax for writing a constructor within a class includes the __init__ method:
```
class Example:
    def __init__(self):
        # Initialization code
```

Defining Attributes in Constructor

Attributes can be defined within a constructor as follows:

class Cat:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

Instantiating with Attributes

To instantiate a class with defined attributes:
```
porridge = Cat('Porridge', 3)
```
Omitting arguments while instantiating will lead to errors if attributes are expected.

Including Methods in a Class

Methods are added by defining functions within the class definition, allowing objects to perform specific actions:
```
class Cat:
    def meow(self):
        print('Meow!')
```

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming (OOP), including its advantages and disadvantages. This quiz covers key concepts like classes, objects, and popular OOP languages such as Python and Java. Test your understanding of how OOP works and its impact on software development.