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Questions and Answers
In the C programming language, the smallest individual unit is known as a ______.
In the C programming language, the smallest individual unit is known as a ______.
Token
C language has a total of ______ keywords.
C language has a total of ______ keywords.
32
A variable in C is used to store a ______.
A variable in C is used to store a ______.
value
An integer constant refers to a sequence of ______.
An integer constant refers to a sequence of ______.
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Real constants, also known as ______ constants, have fractional parts.
Real constants, also known as ______ constants, have fractional parts.
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A single character constant is enclosed within a pair of ______ quote marks.
A single character constant is enclosed within a pair of ______ quote marks.
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Constants are referred to as fixed values that do not ______ during the execution of a program.
Constants are referred to as fixed values that do not ______ during the execution of a program.
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The program written in high level language is shorter than the program written in ______ language.
The program written in high level language is shorter than the program written in ______ language.
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Every high level language has a standard ______ approved by international organizations.
Every high level language has a standard ______ approved by international organizations.
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High level language instructions are like ______ language statements.
High level language instructions are like ______ language statements.
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To convert source code into machine code, we use either a ______ or an interpreter.
To convert source code into machine code, we use either a ______ or an interpreter.
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Interpreters usually take less time to analyze the source code, while compilers usually take a ______ amount of time.
Interpreters usually take less time to analyze the source code, while compilers usually take a ______ amount of time.
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The 'C' language was developed by ______ Ritchie in 1972.
The 'C' language was developed by ______ Ritchie in 1972.
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'C' language is well suited for ______ programming.
'C' language is well suited for ______ programming.
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There are only ______ keywords in 'C'.
There are only ______ keywords in 'C'.
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Any problem/program is represented in the form of text, it is called ______.
Any problem/program is represented in the form of text, it is called ______.
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Any problem/program is represented in the form of picture, it is called ______.
Any problem/program is represented in the form of picture, it is called ______.
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The above symbol shows Start or End of the process in a ______.
The above symbol shows Start or End of the process in a ______.
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The symbol of flowchart that shows processing in a ______.
The symbol of flowchart that shows processing in a ______.
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Machine language consists of strings of binary numbers (0 and 1) and is the only one language the processor directly ______.
Machine language consists of strings of binary numbers (0 and 1) and is the only one language the processor directly ______.
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Programming languages can be categorized into ______ level languages.
Programming languages can be categorized into ______ level languages.
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Low level language can be further categorized into Machine language (1GL) and ______ language (2GL).
Low level language can be further categorized into Machine language (1GL) and ______ language (2GL).
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High level languages include Procedural-Oriented language and Problem-______ language (4GL).
High level languages include Procedural-Oriented language and Problem-______ language (4GL).
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Assembly language is also known as ______ language because programmer requires detailed knowledge of hardware.
Assembly language is also known as ______ language because programmer requires detailed knowledge of hardware.
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The program is converted into machine code by an ______.
The program is converted into machine code by an ______.
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High level languages are easier to learn because they use instructions similar to ______ language.
High level languages are easier to learn because they use instructions similar to ______ language.
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Procedural programming languages determine the ______ and the order of those steps to produce a desired output.
Procedural programming languages determine the ______ and the order of those steps to produce a desired output.
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Problem-Oriented languages allow users to specify what the output should be without describing all the details of how the ______ should be manipulated.
Problem-Oriented languages allow users to specify what the output should be without describing all the details of how the ______ should be manipulated.
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Natural languages are still in a developing ______ where we can write statements resembling normal sentences.
Natural languages are still in a developing ______ where we can write statements resembling normal sentences.
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The logic of programs written in high level languages is very simple and easy to ______.
The logic of programs written in high level languages is very simple and easy to ______.
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Every high level language provides a large number of built-in functions or ______ functions that can be used during programming.
Every high level language provides a large number of built-in functions or ______ functions that can be used during programming.
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In a 'C' program, the ability to extend the program itself is referred to as ______.
In a 'C' program, the ability to extend the program itself is referred to as ______.
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To display 'Hello Computer', the function ______ is used.
To display 'Hello Computer', the function ______ is used.
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The first line of the program usually contains the ______ for the main function.
The first line of the program usually contains the ______ for the main function.
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The command to clear the screen in a C program is [blank()].
The command to clear the screen in a C program is [blank()].
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The output of the program that displays the sum of two values is 'Sum : ______'.
The output of the program that displays the sum of two values is 'Sum : ______'.
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The section that consists of comment lines giving the name of the program, author, and other details is called the ______ section.
The section that consists of comment lines giving the name of the program, author, and other details is called the ______ section.
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The section that provides instructions for the compiler to link functions from the system library is called the ______ section.
The section that provides instructions for the compiler to link functions from the system library is called the ______ section.
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In the basic structure of C programs, the user-defined functions are listed after the ______ function section.
In the basic structure of C programs, the user-defined functions are listed after the ______ function section.
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A variable name must start with an alphabet or ______.
A variable name must start with an alphabet or ______.
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A variable name in C can contain letters, digits, and ______.
A variable name in C can contain letters, digits, and ______.
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In C, an integer typically uses ______ bytes of memory.
In C, an integer typically uses ______ bytes of memory.
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The double type in C uses ______ bytes for storage.
The double type in C uses ______ bytes for storage.
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A character type in C has a size of ______ byte.
A character type in C has a size of ______ byte.
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The void type in C indicates ______ value.
The void type in C indicates ______ value.
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The syntax for declaring a variable in C starts with the ______ type.
The syntax for declaring a variable in C starts with the ______ type.
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To assign a value to a variable in C, the ______ operator is used.
To assign a value to a variable in C, the ______ operator is used.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Programming
- Programming languages represent problems in text (algorithms) or picture form (flowcharts)
- Flowcharts use symbols to depict program steps:
- Start/End: Shows the beginning or end of a process
- Process: Represents a processing step
- Input/Output: Displays user input or program output
- Decision Box: Illustrates decisions or choices
- Flow Lines: Connects flowchart symbols to show the sequence of steps
Types of Programming Languages
- Two main types: low-level and high-level
- Low-Level Languages:
- Machine language (1GL): Uses binary code (0s and 1s), understood directly by the computer's processor, fast execution, efficient primary memory use
- Assembly language (2GL): Symbolic codes for machine instructions, requires hardware knowledge, translated into machine code using an assembler.
- High-Level Languages:
- Procedural (3GL): Specifies steps to achieve a desired outcome (e.g., Pascal, COBOL, C, FORTRAN)
- Problem-oriented (4GL): Focuses on the desired output rather than the detailed steps (e.g., Visual Basic, C#, PHP)
- Natural languages (5GL): Using human language-like statements, incorporates artificial intelligence (AI).
Characteristics of High-Level Languages
- Easy to learn: Close to human languages, making them easier to learn and use.
- Easier to detect and correct errors : Program logic is clear, thus error detection/correction is simpler.
- Machine independence: Programs can run on different computer systems without modification.
- Availability of Library functions: Offer ready-made functions to perform standard tasks, saving development time.
Overview of "C"
- Popular, structured, high-level programming language, machine independent.
- Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
- ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and ISO (International Standards Organization) approved the language in 1989 and 1990, respectively.
- "C" is robust, efficient, and fast.
- Large number of built-in functions and operators.
- 32 keywords.
- Well-suited for structured programming.
- Can extend programs.
C Tokens
- Smallest individual unit of a program called a 'token'.
- Includes keywords, constants, strings, and operators.
- Keywords are reserved words with fixed meanings.
- Identifiers are user-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays.
- Constants represent fixed values that do not change during program execution.
Basic Structure of "C" Programs
- Programs typically divided into sections:
- Documentation Section (comments): provides program information.
- Link Section: links program to libraries.
- Definition Section: defines symbolic constants
- Main function: contains declaration (variable definitions) and executable parts.
- User-defined functions
Executing "C" Programs
- Entering program into a "C" editor, saving.
- Compiling (Alt+F9 key).
- Checking for errors, and recompiling if needed.
- Running the program (Ctrl+F9 key).
Character Set, Variables, and Data Types
- Represents characters allowed in a "C" program for words, numbers and symbols.
- Variables store values that can be changed during program execution.
- First character must be an alphabet or underscore character.
- Used only letters, numbers, and underscores.
- Variable names of up to 31 characters are recognised.
- Variable names cannot contain spaces.
- Data Types specify the kind of data that variable will store.
- "C" supports primary, derived, and user-defined data types.
Integer Type
- Whole numbers (-2, -1, 0, 1, 2).
- Uses 2 bytes.
Floating Point Type
- Numbers with fractional parts, like decimals.
- Single-precision (float): 4 bytes.
- Double-precision (double): 8 bytes.
- Long double: 10 bytes.
Integer Variables
- Used to hold integer values.
- Decimals (e.g., 5, -10, 0).
- Octals (numbers starting with "0" digits 0-7).
- Hexadecimals (numbers starting with "0x," digits 0-9,a-f).
Floating Point Variables
- Used to hold floating-point values.
Character Type
- Single characters (letters, symbols).
- Uses 1 byte.
- Enclose with single quotes.
Void Type
- Represents the absence of an explicit value.
Declaration of Variable
- Tells the compiler variable name.
- Specifies the data type a variable holds.
- Can be int, float, char etc.
Assigning Value to Variables
- Use the assignment operator (=) to assign values to variables.
Defining Symbolic Constants
- Constants stored using symbolic names for better readability and reuse in programs.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of programming languages, including the representation of algorithms and flowcharts. You'll learn about the different types of programming languages such as low-level and high-level, and their characteristics. Test your knowledge on how these concepts apply in real-world programming scenarios.
