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Questions and Answers
Which question addresses the need for governance?
What is a common question regarding democracy?
What does the term 'Political Theory' primarily refer to?
Which of the following qualities is often sought in a perfect political leader?
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What is an important indicator of justice in a society?
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What can be considered a central theme in political philosophy?
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What quality is essential for establishing a utopian society?
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Which of the following is NOT commonly discussed in political theory?
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What role does philosophy play in political science?
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Who is considered the Father of Political Science?
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What significant influence did Socrates have on Plato?
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What is Plato's most well-known work?
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Which democratic event had a lasting impact on Plato’s work?
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What unique format did Plato often use in his writings?
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What does Glaucon's name symbolize in the context of The Republic?
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In which historical context did Plato write The Republic?
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What character is described as a wealthy and retired old businessman living the good life?
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Which part of the soul is responsible for reasoning and analyzing options before making a decision?
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What is the role of the Guardian in the Tripartite Conceptualization of Justice of the State?
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Which of the following emotions is categorized under the Spirit in the Tripartite Conceptualization of Justice?
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What fundamental concept does Plato’s justice revolve around?
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Which character is known for being a rash fighter?
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What aspect of the Tripartite Conceptualization of Justice encompasses human wants and desires?
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In the context of justice, what happens if spirit ignores reason?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Political Theory
- Political Theory is a philosophical examination of how to best organize political institutions and social practices.
- Influences include knowledge of ideal human behavior, political values, and distinctions between right and wrong in laws and policies.
Common Political Questions
- Critical inquiries include:
- Why do we need government?
- What is the optimal type of government?
- Is democracy the worst form of government?
- What characteristics define a perfect society (utopia)?
- What traits should an ideal political leader possess?
- What rights and freedoms must be protected by the government?
- What indicators demonstrate that justice is attainable in society?
Political Philosophers
- Political philosophers engage with questions regarding the nature and legitimacy of public agents and institutions.
- They play a key role in shaping ideas about governance and societal structure.
Contributions of Greek Philosophers
- Aristotle is known as the Father of Political Science, laying foundational principles of political thought.
- Socrates, Plato’s teacher, introduced the Socratic Method, emphasizing dialogue and inquiry in discussions.
Plato's Influence
- Plato lived from 427 to 347 BC and founded the Academy, considered the first university.
- Wrote approximately 35 dialogues, with key works including:
- "The Republic" (his best-known work)
- "The Symposium"
- "Crito"
- "The Apology"
- "Phaedo"
The Republic
- Examines justice, governance, and the ideal state; Socrates serves as the main character advocating for Plato's theories.
- Contextualizes the impact of Athenian Democracy, notably the death of Socrates and the repercussions of the Peloponnesian War.
Main Characters in The Republic
- Socrates - Central figure in the dialogue promoting philosophical inquiry.
- Glaucon - Plato's half-brother, symbolizing youth and questioning.
- Other characters include Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, and Cephalus, each contributing different viewpoints on justice and virtue.
Conceptualization of Justice
- Justice is analyzed through two perspectives:
- Justice of the Soul
- Justice of the State
- Plato proposes a Tripartite Conceptualization of Justice exploring:
- Rational component (reasoning and analysis)
- Spirited part (emotions like anger and bravery)
- Appetite aspect (basic human desires)
Balance and Harmony in Justice
- For Plato, true justice emerges when reason and spirit work together, transcending base desires.
- The Tripartite Justice in the State consists of:
- Guardians (rulers)
- Auxiliaries (military)
- Justice is ultimately about achieving balance and harmony within the soul and the state.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of political theory with Professor Mark Lino Decena. This quiz addresses essential questions about governance and the significance of political thought in contemporary society. Test your understanding of key political questions that shape our world today.
