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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of acute poisoning?
Which of the following is an example of acute poisoning?
Chronic poisoning results from exposure to harmful substances for a short span of time.
Chronic poisoning results from exposure to harmful substances for a short span of time.
False
What are two routes of systemic absorption for harmful substances?
What are two routes of systemic absorption for harmful substances?
Oral and intravenous
The term ______ refers to the quantity of a substance that can cause death in 50% of a test population.
The term ______ refers to the quantity of a substance that can cause death in 50% of a test population.
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Match the types of toxic effects with their description:
Match the types of toxic effects with their description:
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Which evidence of poisoning is exhibited by the patient?
Which evidence of poisoning is exhibited by the patient?
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Heavy metals are an example of substances that can cause chronic toxicity.
Heavy metals are an example of substances that can cause chronic toxicity.
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Name one route through which toxic substances can be absorbed through the skin.
Name one route through which toxic substances can be absorbed through the skin.
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Which type of poisoning is characterized by the unintentional ingestion of a substance?
Which type of poisoning is characterized by the unintentional ingestion of a substance?
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Homicidal poisoning is when the poison is taken voluntarily by the victim.
Homicidal poisoning is when the poison is taken voluntarily by the victim.
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What is one factor affecting the absorption of poison?
What is one factor affecting the absorption of poison?
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Which of the following is an example of cumulative poisoning?
Which of the following is an example of cumulative poisoning?
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The symptoms of poisoning can include _____ discoloration of the skin.
The symptoms of poisoning can include _____ discoloration of the skin.
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Cumulative poisons are non-toxic even in large doses.
Cumulative poisons are non-toxic even in large doses.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence in poisoning cases?
Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence in poisoning cases?
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Match the following symptoms with their associated substances:
Match the following symptoms with their associated substances:
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What is the term for the need of more of the drug to produce the same effect?
What is the term for the need of more of the drug to produce the same effect?
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Which of these tests is used to detect arsenic poisoning?
Which of these tests is used to detect arsenic poisoning?
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Corrosives cause local destruction of body parts but are not ______ if diluted.
Corrosives cause local destruction of body parts but are not ______ if diluted.
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Match each type of poison with its correct description:
Match each type of poison with its correct description:
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Experimental evidence is gathered before death to investigate poison effects.
Experimental evidence is gathered before death to investigate poison effects.
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Which factor does NOT influence organ toxicity?
Which factor does NOT influence organ toxicity?
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What characterizes systemic effects of poisons?
What characterizes systemic effects of poisons?
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The primary symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include ______ blood.
The primary symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include ______ blood.
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Acute poisoning can lead to disturbances of function or death within a short period of time.
Acute poisoning can lead to disturbances of function or death within a short period of time.
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Name one genetic defect that may lead to idiosyncratic reactions in drug metabolism.
Name one genetic defect that may lead to idiosyncratic reactions in drug metabolism.
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Which of the following conditions does NOT modify the action of poisons?
Which of the following conditions does NOT modify the action of poisons?
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Match the following substances with their corresponding breath odors:
Match the following substances with their corresponding breath odors:
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Chronic toxicity refers to the effects of poison that occur over a short period.
Chronic toxicity refers to the effects of poison that occur over a short period.
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What is the sign of opium poisoning as it relates to visual disturbances?
What is the sign of opium poisoning as it relates to visual disturbances?
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Undetermined poisoning is characterized by a hazy history regarding how the poison was __________.
Undetermined poisoning is characterized by a hazy history regarding how the poison was __________.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Poisons
- Poisons have a history dating back thousands of years, used for hunting and sometimes as "ordeal poisons."
- Early poisons were mainly plant and animal toxins, and some minerals.
- The term "toxicology" comes from the Greek word "toxicon," meaning "poison into which arrowheads are dipped."
- Common arrow poisons included strophanthin, aconitine, extracts from Helleborus, and snake venom.
Lesson Objectives
- Categorize poisons by different factors.
- Classify toxic effects.
- Identify poisons based on evidence.
Sources of Poisons
- Industrial pollutants (e.g., hydrocyanic acid, carbon monoxide, chlorofluorocarbons).
- Household products (e.g., insecticides, pesticides, cleaning agents).
- Environmental toxins (e.g., lead, sulfur dioxide, ozone).
- Pharmacologic/medicinal substances (e.g., clinically used drugs, substances for abuse).
Kinds of Poisons
- Poisoning effects can be local, remote, or a combination of both.
- Local effects are confined to the area of contact.
- Remote effects occur in areas other than the point of contact.
- Combined effects have both local and remote effects.
Factors Affecting Poisoning Effects
- Poison related factors include solubility, route of administration, and concentration.
- Patient related factors include age, liver development, and enzyme function.
Poisoning Types (Legal Perspective)
- Accidental: Poison taken without intent to harm.
- Suicidal: Poison taken with intent to harm oneself.
- Homicidal: Poison given with intent to harm another.
- Undetermined: The method of obtaining and using poison is unknown.
Evidences of Poisoning
- Circumstantial: Evidence deduced from events and facts.
- Symptomatic: Evidence based on the patient's symptoms.
- Chemical: Evidence from chemical analysis of tissues, organs, and fluids.
- Ante-mortem: Evidence collected before death.
- Post-mortem: Evidence collected after death.
- Experimental: Evidence provided by administering the substance to an animal.
Classification of Toxic Effects
- Pharmacological
- Pathological
- Genotoxic
- Chronical
- Acute
- Immediate (rapid effects)
- Delayed (effects over time)
- Direct (caused by the substance)
- Indirect (effects caused by the direct ones)
Tests to Detect Poisons
- Various tests exist to detect specific poisons (e.g., Beilstein, Bromine Water, Marquis', etc.) depending on the suspected poison.
Target Organs of Toxicity
- Circulatory, Liver, Kidney and Lung, CNS (brain and spinal cord), Blood and Hematopoietic system, Muscle and bone and Skin
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Description
Test your knowledge on poisons, their history, and classification! This quiz covers various sources of poisons, their toxic effects, and the categorization of different types of poisons. Dive into the intriguing world of toxicology and discover how poisons have shaped our history and environment.
