Introduction to Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of physiology?

  • The study of the structure of living organisms
  • The study of diseases and their treatments
  • The study of the function of living organisms (correct)
  • The study of the evolution of living organisms

Which level of organization involves groups of similar cells performing specific functions?

  • Organ Level
  • System Level
  • Tissue Level (correct)
  • Cellular Level

What is the definition of homeostasis?

  • The study of tissues
  • The transportation of cells
  • The maintenance of a stable internal environment (correct)
  • The process of cell division

Which component of a homeostatic control system senses changes in the environment?

<p>Receptor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback mechanism amplifies the initial change?

<p>Positive feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cell physiology primarily focus on?

<p>The processes within and between cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane transport requires energy (ATP)?

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through what means do cells communicate with each other?

<p>Chemical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signaling molecules bind to what structures on target cells?

<p>Receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones called?

<p>Catabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary energy currency of the cell?

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements?

<p>Skeletal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is smooth muscle primarily found?

<p>Walls of internal organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle tissue is found exclusively in the heart?

<p>Cardiac (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?

<p>Neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

<p>Dendrites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

<p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red blood cells?

<p>Carrying oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physiology

The study of how living organisms function, covering mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes.

Chemical Level

Atoms and molecules that form the basis of physiological processes.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells performing specific functions.

Organs

Different tissues working together to perform specific functions.

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System Level

Organ systems cooperate to accomplish common purposes.

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Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

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Negative Feedback

Reverses the initial change to maintain balance.

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Positive Feedback

Amplify the initial change.

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Ligands

Molecules that bind to receptors on target cells, initiating a cellular response.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell.

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Catabolism

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to bones, responsible for body movement.

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Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of internal organs; regulates organ function.

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Neuron

Basic functional unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical and chemical signals.

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Action Potential

Electrical signals that travel along the axon of a neuron.

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Neurotransmitter

Chemicals released from a neuron that transmit signals to another neuron or target cell.

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Arteries & Veins

Arteries carry blood ____ from the heart, and veins carry blood ____ the heart.

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Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange between air and blood occurs..

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Description

Overview of physiology, the study of how living organisms function. It covers mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions from the cellular level to organ systems. Physiology integrates sciences like chemistry and physics to understand life's processes.

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