Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the literal meaning of the word 'philosophy'?
What is the literal meaning of the word 'philosophy'?
- The love of wisdom (correct)
- Ethical reasoning
- The study of knowledge
- Critical thinking
According to Russell, philosophical contemplation allows individuals to reinforce personal biases and maintain a narrow perspective.
According to Russell, philosophical contemplation allows individuals to reinforce personal biases and maintain a narrow perspective.
False (B)
According to Russell, what is the primary aim of philosophy?
According to Russell, what is the primary aim of philosophy?
to expand knowledge and challenge assumptions
According to Socrates, the only two just outcomes are freedom or ______.
According to Socrates, the only two just outcomes are freedom or ______.
Match the following terms from the allegory of the cave with their representations:
Match the following terms from the allegory of the cave with their representations:
Why were the older charges against Socrates considered more dangerous than the newer ones?
Why were the older charges against Socrates considered more dangerous than the newer ones?
Socrates, in his defense, avoids using logical reasoning and questioning to expose flaws in his accusers' arguments.
Socrates, in his defense, avoids using logical reasoning and questioning to expose flaws in his accusers' arguments.
According to Socrates, why is valuing the opinion of 'the many' a bad starting point?
According to Socrates, why is valuing the opinion of 'the many' a bad starting point?
According to Krishnamurti, true education should primarily foster independent thinking and ______.
According to Krishnamurti, true education should primarily foster independent thinking and ______.
What does it mean to be 'in revolt'?
What does it mean to be 'in revolt'?
Flashcards
What is philosophy?
What is philosophy?
From Greek, it means 'love of wisdom'.
Russell's aim of philosophy?
Russell's aim of philosophy?
Philosophy aims to expand knowledge, challenge assumptions, broaden perspectives, and foster intellectual curiosity.
What is 'tyranny of custom'?
What is 'tyranny of custom'?
Challenges societal norms limiting intellectual growth and independent thought.
Citizen of the universe?
Citizen of the universe?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Socratic wisdom?
What is Socratic wisdom?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the examined life?
What is the examined life?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Socrates' view on popular opinion?
Socrates' view on popular opinion?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Argument of the Laws?
Argument of the Laws?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why stay in jail (Socrates)?
Why stay in jail (Socrates)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
MLK's view on breaking the law?
MLK's view on breaking the law?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Philosophy comes from the Greek words "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom), meaning "love of wisdom."
- Philosophy is considered impractical and irrelevant by the public due to society's focus on material success and utility.
- Philosophy is seen by the public as unproductive compared to empirical sciences because it does not always provide definitive answers.
- Philosophy aims to expand knowledge and challenge assumptions.
- Philosophy broadens perspectives, fosters intellectual curiosity, and allows individuals to examine their beliefs critically.
- Self-assertion: Involves rigid beliefs and focusing on personal success.
- Philosophical contemplation: Encourages open-minded questioning and intellectual exploration.
- Philosophical contemplation enlarges the self by allowing individuals to transcend personal biases for a broader perspective.
- Philosophy cultivates critical thinking, intellectual humility, and the ability to question assumptions for students.
- Philosophy promotes progress by challenging established norms and fostering a deeper understanding of ethics and justice for society.
- "Tyranny of custom": Unquestioned societal norms that limit intellectual growth and discourage independent thinking.
- "Citizen of the universe": Someone who transcends cultural and societal limitations, seeking knowledge and truth beyond personal biases.
- Knowledge, to Russel, is the pursuit of truth beyond personal experiences and societal expectations, requiring questioning assumptions and seeking objective understanding.
- Socrates was Plato's teacher.
- Plato documented Socrates' ideas and philosophical discussions, preserving his legacy through written dialogues.
- Socrates was charged with corrupting the youth and impiety (disrespecting the gods of Athens).
- The older charges held against Socrates were more dangerous and based on long-standing prejudices that shaped public opinion against him.
- Socrates defends himself by using logical reasoning, irony, and questioning to expose flaws in his accusers' arguments.
- Socrates argued that he benefits society by encouraging critical thinking and self-examination.
- Socrates refuses to abandon philosophy, believing that an unexamined life is not worth living.
- Socrates sees either freedom to continue his work or death as the only two just outcomes.
- Both emphasize that philosophy is essential for personal and societal growth.
- Both say that questioning and seeking truth are necessary for intellectual and moral development.
- Socratic wisdom: Recognition of one's own ignorance, understanding that true wisdom comes from acknowledging what one does not know.
- The examined life: A life of reflection, questioning, and seeking truth rather than blindly following societal norms.
- A "gadfly" is someone who persistently challenges and provokes society to think critically.
- Socrates saw himself as a gadfly, questioning and stirring Athens from intellectual complacency.
- Crito believes Socrates' death would be unjust.
- Crito believes that he has a duty to his friends and family to stay alive and fears that people will criticize Socrates' friends for not helping him escape.
- Socrates argues that the majority often holds uninformed opinions.
- He believes that wisdom and truth should be valued over popular beliefs because the truth is not determined by consensus.
- Socrates argues that by living in Athens, he has implicitly agreed to follow its laws and escaping prison would undermine the justice system and the principles he has upheld.
- Socrates believes that staying in jail upholds justice and serves as an example of integrity and commitment to principles, reinforcing his philosophical beliefs.
- The Letter from Birmingham Jail is addressed to white clergymen who criticized Martin Luther King Jr.'s protests.
- King sought to justify his actions and philosophy of nonviolent resistance.
- Direct action was necessary to force negotiations and highlight injustice.
- Nonviolence ensured the moral high ground and prevented further escalation of violence.
- Both figures saw imprisonment as an opportunity to challenge injustice and defend their principles.
- MLK argued that just laws should be followed, but unjust laws must be resisted through civil disobedience.
- Both emphasized questioning authority and societal norms as a means for progress and enlightenment.
- An unjust law: Not rooted in moral law and justice.
- Natural law: A higher ethical standard that determines justice beyond human-made laws.
- Allegory of the Cave: The cave represents ignorance, the shadows represent false perceptions, the sun represents truth and enlightenment, and the chains represent societal limitations on knowledge.
- The person gains true knowledge but is ridiculed when he returns, representing philosophers and truth-seekers who challenge societal norms.
- True education should foster independent thinking and self-awareness rather than enforcing conformity.
- Most people live in fear as they age and overcoming this requires deep self-awareness, but societal pressures discourage such introspection.
- Being in revolt means questioning norms and thinking independently, resulting in true freedom and intellectual liberation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
