Introduction to Philosophy: The Person and Others Lesson 8
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Questions and Answers

How do existentialism and phenomenology relate to the concept of interpersonal relations?

  • They completely ignore the concept of interpersonal relations.
  • They are the major philosophical branches that discuss interpersonal relations extensively. (correct)
  • They focus on the individual being aware only of themselves and not others.
  • They prioritize group dynamics over individual awareness.
  • How does the individual primarily perceive and relate to reality?

  • By disregarding their internal thoughts and feelings.
  • Through an egocentric perspective. (correct)
  • By being completely aware of others' perspectives.
  • By avoiding any self-awareness.
  • How does the existentialist perspective define interpersonal relations?

  • As the 'self' being unaware of its existence.
  • As the 'self' being isolated from all interactions.
  • As the 'self' being aware of the 'other'. (correct)
  • As the 'self' being unconcerned with others.
  • In the context of philosophical discussions, what does 'the other' refer to?

    <p>Objects outside of personal experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the existentialist perspective view the concept of the 'other' in interpersonal relations?

    <p>As other individuals apart from the self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples when evaluating a specific topic?

    <p>Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of Ethics of Care towards others?

    <p>Look at the needs of other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Christianity define interpersonal relations?

    <p>By defining ideal relationships between individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of society is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland?

    <p>Agricultural Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did God establish in the Old Testament as the ideal relationship between man and woman?

    <p>Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rule governs the interactions in society according to the text?

    <p>Written and unwritten rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intersubjectivity refer to?

    <p>Awareness and understanding shared among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of intersubjectivity?

    <p>Being isolated and detached from society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level does intersubjectivity go beyond the simple awareness of the existence of others?

    <p>When you are aware of yourself as being seen by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets human interactions apart from interactions of other species?

    <p>The unique phenomenon of the human gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with one's capacity to understand others' situations?

    <p>Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does alienation refer to?

    <p>The state of isolation due to a lack of interest in others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an industrial society?

    <p>Use of mass production technologies in factories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Enlightenment philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau imagine as the natural state of humans?

    <p>Living in a state of nature, without civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of authority according to Thomas Hobbes' social contract theory?

    <p>To meet the needs of society and ensure its survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social philosophy?

    <p>Understanding the relationship between society and the human person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a virtual society?

    <p>Development of relationships without face-to-face interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is modern society defined as?

    <p>People living together in current time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Locke, what is the basis of society?

    <p>Consent of the governed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jean Jacques Rousseau's concept that describes the collective will of the people?

    <p>General will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of government according to these philosophers?

    <p>To act on behalf of the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which people adopt social norms and behaviors?

    <p>Socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the expected behaviors associated with a particular social position?

    <p>Social role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perspective that considers a democratic society as morally desirable?

    <p>Normative democratic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Interpersonal Relations

    • Interpersonal relations refer to the way individuals relate with other persons
    • Existentialism and phenomenology are two philosophical branches that discuss interpersonal relations
    • The individual is primarily aware of himself, and it is the egocentric perspective that defines how he/she perceives and relates to reality

    The Self and the Other

    • The "self" is aware of the "other" as an object outside of personal experience
    • Intersubjectivity refers to the interaction between the self and the other, involving shared awareness and understanding among persons
    • It is evident in everyday social interactions, shared knowledge, and emotions like grief, joy, and love

    Levels of Self-Interaction

    • Simple awareness of the existence of the other
    • Deeper level: awareness of the self as being seen by others
    • Self-consciousness is a defining characteristic of the self-other relationship

    Various Concepts in Interpersonal Relations

    • Familiarity: the unique phenomenon of the human gaze
    • Seeming: proposed by Martin Buber, refers to self-presentation
    • Dialogue: occurs when one person views another person as important
    • Alienation: the state of isolation that happens when we cease to look at other people as significant and authentic
    • Empathy: one's capacity to understand other people's situation

    Social Contract Theorists

    • John Locke: man in his natural state is more cooperative and reasonable, and society is formed through the consent of the governed
    • Jean Jacques Rousseau: advocated the concept of the "general will" and that man is cooperative

    Society and the Individual

    • Socialization: a person adopts a set of ideals and behavior considered appropriate within his society
    • Social institutions: social roles entail a set of expected behaviors that must be performed by a person
    • Normative democratic theory: a perspective that considers a democratic society as morally desirable

    Types of Societies

    • Industrial society: uses technologies of mass production to make vast amounts of goods in factories
    • Modern society: defined as people living together in current time, based on expansion of education, technology, industry, and urban life
    • Virtual society: a social form where people do not have to live, meet, or work face-to-face to develop or maintain a significant relationship

    Social Philosophy

    • Focuses on studying society and its influence on the human person
    • Topics include social ontology, social ethics, democracy, human rights, equality, and justice

    Origins of Human Society

    • Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau: prominent social theorists who tackled the origins of human society
    • Imagined humans as living in a so-called "natural state", removed from modernity and civilization

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    Description

    Explore how individuals relate to others in the context of existentialism and phenomenology. Discuss the significance of interpersonal relationships and their impact on personal meaning and fulfillment.

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